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Wall Street Oasis » Blogs » Edmundo Braverman's blog
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Why Your Walkaway Number Is Lower Than You Think
 

Edmundo Braverman's picture
Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 9/15/12 at 10:30am
Hamptons.jpg

mod (Andy) note: "Blast from the past - Best of Eddie" - This one is originally from May 2010. If there's an old post from Eddie you'd like to see up again shoot me a message.

We spend a lot of time on this site discussing how much money it would take to retire now, how much you plan to have when you walk away, and so on. I always get a chuckle out of these posts, because I know how different my actual walkaway number was from the number I had in my head when I got started. I don't bring that fact up much, because I'm not interested in being the catalyst for someone to lower their expectations/aspirations in life. I know what worked for me, and I'm satisfied with it, but I realize some people will strive for more.

I think for most of us starting out (and I know for a fact this was the case for me), somewhere around $10 million is the number. When I got started in the business, I was convinced that as soon as I accumulated $10 million, I was out. That was $10 million cash, mind you. The number in your mind might be higher or lower, but it's probably somewhere in that neighborhood.

This is going to come as a shock to many of you, but Business Week just published a fairly extensive study that might shine the harsh light of reality on your walkaway number. They found that Harvard MBA grads made more money over the span of their career than graduates from any other MBA program. The estimated career earnings for an MBA from the #1 business school in the nation? $3.87 million.

Now $4 million is nothing to sneeze at. And I can already hear some of you making the argument that the study includes MBAs from all career fields and that Wall Street naturally skews higher. That could very well be the case. But realistically, by how much more? Here is the complete table of the various B-schools and their respective earnings.

My point in this is that your actual walkaway number is probably going to be a lot lower than you think. And that's a good thing. Because it might alleviate some of the undue pressure you put on yourself. I always made good money on the Street, but it wasn't until I gave myself an expiration date that things really went my way monumentally. And the biggest component of my decision to punch out was my coming to terms with the fact that I wasn't going to have $10 million in cash when I did it.

The importance of being realistic about earning potential can't be overstated, especially in the current regulatory environment. Does that mean you should settle for less, or aim lower? Absolutely not. There is no shortage of young people making millions of dollars per year in the U.S. Just recognize the potential that exists in your current career path and if that doesn't meet your expectations/aspirations, change your path.

Here's a little something to get you started. It'll save you $100,000 and two years of your life. Something to think about.

Guys, please don't take this post in a negative light, because that's not how it's meant. Laboring under false assumptions leads to massive disappointment, and being realistic about your career path is truly liberating. Never forget that there are outliers in every field, and the outlier might be you. Never lose sight of the fact that, even if you only make a couple million bucks over the course of your career, it's still a shitload of money. Manage it (and your career) accordingly.

P.S. If you're the outlier (or think you might be), I'd love to hear about it in the comments.

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Tags:
  • streets
  • wall street
  • why
  • retire
  • number
  • Harvard MBA
  • MBA Programs
  • Money
  • business week

Comments

antmavel's picture

"Here's a little something to

antmavel
      CO
 
(Senior Baboon, 238
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 6:20am

"Here's a little something to get you started. It'll save you $100,000 and two years of your life. Something to think about".

I disagree with your point, I don't think an MBA is about 10 big lessons you can learn or about watching a few concepts only. On top of the general knowledge you are going to get there are additional aspects you need to integrate:
1) It's one of the only way to change/shift career and many companies have a specific entry levels for MBA grads
2) in some industries you don't have much choice, either you get it and you progress or you get out.
3) it helps you to build key relationship for your future career and that is worth a lot, the ability to call a former classmate to know more about their recruiting process a few years after you graduated is very valuable, the opportunity to meet with someone inside the school during your mba program and start together a company is also something happening

I do believe though that there is a lot of distinction to make between the programs, the tier and the impact an MBA can have...sometimes it's true that it's not worth $100k, especially right now where jobs are tough to get and often for a lower salary.
Finally if you plan to make $10m I don't think $100K is bad investment (1% only !) as the yield can be extremely good based on my remarks above.

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dagro's picture

i'm just wondering about all

dagro
      CF
 
(Gorilla, 508
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 7:17am

i'm just wondering about all the careers where you actually advance to management, partner if you will, after around a decade or two if you're good enough, and begin making seven figures. obviously not for everyone, but that kinda puts the whole argument to shit, don't it?
according to the study, after 20 years, the average pay for harvard grads was 230k. that's ridiculous for some career paths. if you manage to stay in consulting for example for that many years, you'll be a senior partner by then, which means you'll be making seven figures easy. in IB, PE, HF - and in C-suites after exiting from any of those you'll probably be making more.

=========================================
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Edmundo Braverman's picture

Keep in mind those are MEDIAN

Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 7:37am

Keep in mind those are MEDIAN pay figures, not AVERAGE pay figures. Meaning, in your example dagro, that half the MBAs were making more than 230k and half were making less. I would bet the average number would be considerably higher (and less reliable for statistical purposes) because of the handful of C-level executives making 8 and 9 figure comp.

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surferdude867's picture

Edmundo Braverman wrote: Now

surferdude867
      O
 
(Baboon, 147
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 8:43am
Edmundo Braverman:

Now $4 million is nothing to sneeze at. And I can already hear some of you making the argument that the study includes MBAs from all career fields and that Wall Street naturally skews higher. That could very well be the case. But realistically, by how much more?

Nah, a disproportionate number of HBS grads end up on Wall Street anyways, so the data is probably pretty accurate.

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JohnnyCage's picture

Question Edmund- What did it

JohnnyCage
      O
 
(Senior Baboon, 232
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 9:27am

Question Edmund- What did it take in your life for you to step away? I'm risk adverse by nature as are most people on this forum, so for me it would have to be 1) Health 2) Another job in waiting 3) Moving to a whole new area 4) An ominous fortelling from a 3 nipples fortune teller. Essentially it seems like the more you have invested in the salary (kids, house, doggies) the less realistic quitting becomes.

Did you ever consider remaining at your level e.g. VP and NOT kill yourself to move up the ranks? (I know you were a trader, so I guess this might not apply, but still a scenario I see)

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Jimbo's picture

"The estimated career

Jimbo
     
 
 
(Neanderthal, 2,598
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 9:40am

"The estimated career earnings for an MBA from the #1 business school in the nation? $3.87 million."

And this number is pretax.

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Edmundo Braverman's picture

First of all, kudos on the

Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 9:46am

First of all, kudos on the obscure Kevin Smith movie reference, Mallrats is one of my all-time favorites.

I bailed because I hated the work. That's it in a nutshell. The hours I was putting in were horrendous, the guys at the top of my firm were total jerkoffs (one of them just got 9 years for a brain-dead fraud he cooked up a few years after we worked together), and I managed to reach my income goal six months ahead of schedule. So I bailed.

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Edmundo Braverman's picture

Also, there was an

Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 9:51am

Also, there was an unsustainable component to my success. I developed a trading system over the course of about two years, and it worked even better than I expected. When it failed, however, I knew it would take at least another two years to make another and I already had a bunch of money. Wasn't worth the effort to me. Sometimes you have to know when to walk away.

And just to clarify, I'm not some superstar with ESP. I happened to be trading at a time in the market when most commodities were at all-time lows and it was very easy to make money. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out you should buy crude oil when it's $11 a barrel. I knew the market conditions would never be that easy again in my lifetime (who knew the Fed was going to print $2 trillion and pump it into stocks a few years later?) so I took the money and ran.

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Marcus_Halberstram's picture

Very interesting. But I

Marcus_Halberstram
      PE
 
 
(Neanderthal, 3,437
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 10:13am

Very interesting. But I would, as you pointed out, argue that if you look at strictly finance professionals from HBS, the lifetime earnings number is probably several times $3.87 million. If you stick it out in the field, after your 3rd or 4th year as an MD you'll be pulling in $1+ million/year at a BB bank. If you happen to be on the buyside that number will be blown out of the water.

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Edmundo Braverman's picture

No doubt. But how many people

Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 10:18am

No doubt. But how many people make it to that level as a percentage of MBA holders? As a percentage of people who work in investment banking? As a percentage of the working public?

It's true that a number approaching 100% of MD and C-level bankers have an MBA. But what percentage of MBAs make it to that level? My guess is less than 5% overall. This study seems to bear that out.

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CNB90's picture

Edmundo Braverman wrote: No

CNB90
      IB
 
(Orangutan, 367
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 10:39am
Edmundo Braverman:

No doubt. But how many people make it to that level as a percentage of MBA holders? As a percentage of people who work in investment banking? As a percentage of the working public?

It's true that a number approaching 100% of MD and C-level bankers have an MBA. But what percentage of MBAs make it to that level? My guess is less than 5% overall. This study seems to bear that out.

What happens there exactly? do people just lose their drive or what? - In my opinion, if I'm not aiming for MD and higher levels and devoting a good deal of my 20's and early 30's to career progression, I shouldn't pursue an MBA.

I wonder if this survery takes into count those who started their own firms/funds..

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PecuniaryTutelage's picture

I am not in the industry

PecuniaryTutelage
      CF
 
(Monkey, 51
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 10:59am

I am not in the industry currently, more of an outsider looking to get in, so my perspective is skewed based on that and is something that must be kept in mind. Beyond that I would say my figure lies between $7-8 million in current dollars, with an additional 3.5% per year for general inflation. Assuming a 5% after-tax earning percentage, and only utilizing 1.5% for living this would give me about $120k or so a year to live on, which is sufficient if I were retiring at said level.

A consideration I have beyond that though is the fact that right now, I never stop wanting more. A thought which could very well change if/when I attain my goal. And not so much in the sense that I only want more for the sake of it, but because like any goal, you achieve the goal, then set an even higher one to reach for. Constantly striving to be better in all areas of life, including monetarily, means reaching beyond your last achieved goal. To me anyways.

Now, placing all of that into context considering the earning potential of an individual given their MBA school, I would say that the industry will not be where I earn all of that money. The reason is mostly because unless I achieve MD status, or am thoroughly successful on a trading/prop desk, there just won't be enough money coming in to achieve that over a lifetime. This means I have to look outside of the career 'box' to other options, which to my mind are: 1) Business Startup, 2) Personal Investing/Trading, 3) Winning the Lottery. So, in the end, my goal would really be to earn sufficient capital while building a business model/product, or trading system whereby I could convert that into my long-term goal, all while hoping to win the lottery. So yeah... My 2 cents. ( I want 'em back at the end BTW, for my piggy bank. :P )

-N.

"It's about the game." - Gordon Gekko
"No matter how much money you make, you'll never be rich." - Jacob "Jake" Moore
"'Oh Africa Brave Africa'. It was... a laugh riot." - Patrick Bateman

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Victor252's picture

CNB90 wrote: Edmundo

Victor252
      O
 
(Orangutan, 322
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 11:11am
CNB90:
Edmundo Braverman:

No doubt. But how many people make it to that level as a percentage of MBA holders? As a percentage of people who work in investment banking? As a percentage of the working public?

It's true that a number approaching 100% of MD and C-level bankers have an MBA. But what percentage of MBAs make it to that level? My guess is less than 5% overall. This study seems to bear that out.

What happens there exactly? do people just lose their drive or what? - In my opinion, if I'm not aiming for MD and higher levels and devoting a good deal of my 20's and early 30's to career progression, I shouldn't pursue an MBA.

I wonder if this survery takes into count those who started their own firms/funds..

You say that now but try grinding away for fifteen years. I bet after five you'll be looking for an easy out. Once you have enough banked for retirement, and paid off any college/home debt, you'll probably want an easier job that let's you travel or have a personal life.

You don't need $10M to sit on a beach and drink beer. That's what retirement means to a lot of people.

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CNB90's picture

Victor252 wrote: CNB90

CNB90
      IB
 
(Orangutan, 367
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 11:13am
Victor252:
CNB90:
Edmundo Braverman:

No doubt. But how many people make it to that level as a percentage of MBA holders? As a percentage of people who work in investment banking? As a percentage of the working public?

It's true that a number approaching 100% of MD and C-level bankers have an MBA. But what percentage of MBAs make it to that level? My guess is less than 5% overall. This study seems to bear that out.

What happens there exactly? do people just lose their drive or what? - In my opinion, if I'm not aiming for MD and higher levels and devoting a good deal of my 20's and early 30's to career progression, I shouldn't pursue an MBA.

I wonder if this survery takes into count those who started their own firms/funds..

You say that now but try grinding away for fifteen years. I bet after five you'll be looking for an easy out. Once you have enough banked for retirement, and paid off any college/home debt, you'll probably want an easier job that let's you travel or have a personal life.

You don't need $10M to sit on a beach and drink beer. That's what retirement means to a lot of people.

I'm not wired to sit on a beach and drink beer, I'd like to do it maybe once a week or something but I can't see my self being that free. I like being busy and constantly achieving, I don't think that will change for a while.

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breakinginnew's picture

@edmundo--I agree with alot

breakinginnew
      AM
 
(Orangutan, 304
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 11:25am

@edmundo--I agree with alot of your sentiments...however I think the businessweek table is a very bad reference.

From viewing the little methodology blurb at the bottom...not only do they use medians (which is fine for looking at income, but looking at median numbers and then producing an estimated career pay number from that won't even produce the right number if you compare it to the median of actual career pay.) Also more importantly this excludes stock + option compensation...which i imagine is most substantial at the higher ends of the dataset.

I think accurate data on the subject is going to be very hard to come by...though I would say that alot of people on here do think they are going to be multimillionaires and that isnt neccesarily a given just because you became a banker or went to HBS

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marcellus_wallace's picture

GenghisKahn used to say best

marcellus_wallace
      ST
 
 
(King Kong, 1,617
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 11:47am
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Marcus_Halberstram's picture

Schwarzman said the same

Marcus_Halberstram
      PE
 
 
(Neanderthal, 3,437
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 11:53am

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Edmundo Braverman's picture

Marcus_Halberstram

Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 12:04pm

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Slacker23's picture

When it comes down to it, a

Slacker23
      PE
 
(Baboon, 132
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 12:05pm
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marcellus_wallace's picture

Edmundo Braverman

marcellus_wallace
      ST
 
 
(King Kong, 1,617
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 12:26pm
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MCGILLIAN's picture

I have a family member that

MCGILLIAN
      IB
 
(Monkey, 31
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 12:44pm
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ilikewimminz's picture

Nice, thanks for posting. I

ilikewimminz
      CF
 
(Chimp, 14
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 1:01pm
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ideating's picture

1) Not all HBS MBAs are

ideating
      O
 
(King Kong, 1,548
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 1:04pm

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Cmoss's picture

retirement for me is coaching

Cmoss
      O
 
(Senior Orangutan, 482
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 1:16pm
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Edmundo Braverman's picture

ideating, that was the major

Edmundo Braverman
      ST
 
 
(Human, 14,409
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 1:40pm

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WestHudson's picture

After dealing with people in

WestHudson
      IB
 
(Baboon, 160
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 3:45pm
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JulesWinnfield's picture

There are a few problems I

JulesWinnfield
      IB
 
(Senior Chimp, 25
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 4:55pm
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Bondarb's picture

"Walkaway number" is a flawed

Bondarb
      HF
 
 
(Neanderthal, 2,286
 
Points)
 on 5/26/10 at 5:06pm
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milkman84's picture

The main problem here is that

milkman84
      IB
 
(Gorilla, 729
 
Points)
 on 5/27/10 at 4:36am

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Startop's picture

Can someone clear something

Startop
      O
 
(Senior Monkey, 93
 
Points)
 on 5/27/10 at 11:35pm
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dagro's picture

... not everybody goes to

dagro
      CF
 
(Gorilla, 508
 
Points)
 on 5/28/10 at 6:40am

=========================================
"... then, lobbest thou thy Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch towards thy foe, who, being naughty in My sight, shall snuff it."

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AKnightsTale's picture

Interesting topic! I was also

AKnightsTale
      O
 
(Senior Chimp, 25
 
Points)
 on 5/28/10 at 3:56pm

I just play to win...

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streetn's picture

Going into Finance to retire

streetn
      IB
 
(Monkey, 50
 
Points)
 on 5/30/10 at 11:53am
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cclow's picture

The average 1992 Wharton

cclow
      O
 
(Baboon, 117
 
Points)
 on 6/1/10 at 1:03am
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maktec5's picture

Aiming for $10m plus for

maktec5
      CO
 
(Orangutan, 299
 
Points)
 on 4/28/11 at 5:52am

Still I Rise

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manbearpig's picture

My idea of retirement is

manbearpig
      CO
 
 
(Neanderthal, 3,029
 
Points)
 on 4/28/11 at 10:03am

-MBP

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absinthe's picture

$2 million liquid on the low

absinthe
      ST
 
(Orangutan, 347
 
Points)
 on 4/28/11 at 1:29pm
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newfirstyear's picture

Basic math. Pretty much all

newfirstyear
      ER
 
(Senior Orangutan, 465
 
Points)
 on 9/15/12 at 11:17am
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Interest.ed's picture

For guys, after you have

Interest.ed
     
 
(Senior Chimp, 26
 
Points)
 on 9/15/12 at 1:30pm
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ChrisHansen's picture

newfirstyear: Basic math.

ChrisHansen
     
 
(Gorilla, 534
 
Points)
 on 9/15/12 at 2:13pm

"I'm the luckiest guy in the world, and when I die I want to come back as me."
-Mark Cuban

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The contents of this Web Site, such as text, graphics, images, logos, button icons, software and other items (collectively, "Material"), are protected under both United States and foreign copyright, trademark and other laws. All Material is the property of the Company or its content suppliers or clients. The compilation (meaning the collection, arrangement and assembly) of all content on this Web Site is the exclusive property of the Company and protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. Unauthorized use of the Material may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. You must retain all copyright, trademark, service-mark and other proprietary notices contained in the original Material on any copy you make of the Material. You may not sell or modify the Material or reproduce, display, publicly perform, distribute, or otherwise use the Material in any way for any public or commercial purpose. The use of the Material on any other web site or in a networked computer environment for any purpose is prohibited.

You shall not copy or adapt the HTML code that the Company creates to generate its pages. It is also protected by the Company?s copyright.

Acceptable Site Use.

General Rules: Users may not use the Web Site in order to transmit, distribute, store or destroy material (a) in violation of any applicable law or regulation, (b) in a manner that will infringe the copyright, trademark, trade secret or other intellectual property rights of others or violate the privacy, publicity or other personal rights of others, or (c) that is defamatory, obscene, threatening, abusive or hateful.

Web Site Security Rules. Users are prohibited from violating or attempting to violate the security of the Web Site, including, without limitation, (a) accessing data not intended for such user or logging into a server or account which the user is not authorized to access, (b) attempting to probe, scan or test the vulnerability of a system or network or to breach security or authentication measures without proper authorization, (c) attempting to interfere with service to any user, host or network, including, without limitation, via means of submitting a virus to the Web Site, overloading, "flooding", "spamming", "mailbombing" or "crashing", (d) sending unsolicited e-mail, including promotions and/or advertising of products or services, or (e) forging any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any e-mail. Violations of system or network security may result in civil or criminal liability. The Company will investigate occurrences which may involve such violations and may involve, and cooperate with, law enforcement authorities in prosecuting users who are involved in such violations.

Specific Prohibited Uses.

The Company specifically prohibits any use of the Web Site, and all users agree not to use the Web Site, for any of the following:

  • Posting any incomplete, false or inaccurate biographical information or information which is not your own accurate resume
  • Using any device, software or routine to interfere or attempt to interfere with the proper working of this Web Site or any activity being conducted on this site.
  • Taking any action which imposes an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on this Web Site?s infrastructure.
  • If you have a password allowing access to a non-public area of this Web Site, disclosing to or sharing your password with any third parties or using your password for any unauthorized purpose.
  • Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, using or attempting to use any engine, software, tool, agent or other device or mechanism (including without limitation browsers, spiders, robots, avatars or intelligent agents) to navigate or search this Web Site other than the search engine and search agents available from the Company on this Web Site and other than generally available third party web browsers (e.g., Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Explorer).
  • Attempting to decipher, decompile, disassemble or reverse engineer any of the software comprising or in any way making up a part of the Web Site.
  • Aggregating, copying or duplicating in any manner any of the materials or information available from the Web Site.
  • Framing of or linking to any of the materials or information available from the Web Site.

User Information.

When you register for the Web Site, you will be asked to provide the Company with certain information including, without limitation, a valid email address (your "Information"). In addition to the terms and conditions that may be set forth in any privacy policy on this Web Site, you understand and agree that the Company may disclose to third parties, on an anonymous basis, certain aggregate information contained in your registration application. The Company reserves the right to offer third party services and products to you based on the preferences that you identify in your registration and at any time thereafter; such offers may be made by the Company or by third parties. Please see the Company's Privacy Policy below for further details regarding your Information.

Registration and Password.

You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your information and password. You shall be responsible for all uses of your registration, whether or not authorized by you. You agree to immediately notify the Company of any unauthorized use of your registration or password.

The Company's Liability.

As a condition to your use of this site, you release the Company (and our agents and employees) from claims, demands and damages (actual and consequential, direct and indirect) of every kind and nature, known and unknown, suspected and unsuspected, disclosed and undisclosed, arising out of or in any way connected with such disputes. If you are a California resident, you waive California Civil Code d1542, which says: "A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the debtor."

We are under no legal obligation to, and generally do not, control the information provided by other users which is made available through the Web Site. By its very nature, other people?s information may be offensive, harmful or inaccurate, and in some cases will be mislabeled or deceptively labeled. We expect that you will use caution and common sense when using this Web Site.

The Material may contain inaccuracies or typographical errors. The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Web Site or the Material. The use of the Web Site and the Material is at your own risk. Changes are periodically made to the Web Site and may be made at any time.

You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the content and accuracy of any resume or material contained therein placed by you on the Web Site and you agree to let any users that are identified as recruiters (designated in the sole discretion of the Company) to have access to your resume.

The Company is not to be considered to be an employer with respect to your use of the Web Site and the Company shall not be responsible for any employment decisions, for whatever reason made, made by any entity posting jobs on the Web Site.

THE COMPANY DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE WEB SITE WILL OPERATE ERROR-FREE OR THAT THE WEB SITE AND ITS SERVER ARE FREE OF COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL MECHANISMS. IF YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITE OR THE MATERIAL RESULTS IN THE NEED FOR SERVICING OR REPLACING EQUIPMENT OR DATA, THE COMPANY IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THOSE COSTS.

THE WEB SITE AND MATERIAL ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND. THE COMPANY, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. THE COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTIES ABOUT THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, OR TIMELINESS OF THE MATERIAL, SERVICES, SOFTWARE, TEXT, GRAPHICS, AND LINKS.

Disclaimer of Consequential Damages.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COMPANY, ITS SUPPLIERS, OR ANY THIRD PARTIES MENTIONED ON THE WEB SITE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INCIDENTAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS, OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOST DATA OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) RESULTING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE WEB SITE AND THE MATERIAL, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE COMPANY IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Links to Other Sites.

The Web Site may contain links to third party web sites. These links are provided solely as a convenience to you and not as an endorsement by the Company of the contents on such third-party Web sites. The Company is not responsible for the content of linked third-party sites and does not make any representations regarding the content or accuracy of materials on such third party Web sites. If you decide to access linked third party Web sites, you do so at your own risk.

No Resale or Unauthorized Commercial Use.

You agree not to resell or assign your rights or obligations under these Term of Use. You also agree not to make any unauthorized commercial use of the Web Site.

Limitation of Liability.

The aggregate liability for the Company to you for all claims arising from the use of the Materials is limited to $1.

Termination.

The Company reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to pursue all of its legal remedies, including but not limited to immediate termination of your registration with or ability to access the Web Site and/or any other service provided to you by the Company, upon any breach by you of these Terms and Conditions or if the Company is unable to verify or authenticate any information you submit to the Web Site registration with or ability to access the Web Site.

Indemnity.

You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Company, its officers, directors, employees and agents, from and against any claims, actions or demands, including without limitation reasonable legal and accounting fees, alleging or resulting from your use of the Material or your breach of the terms of these Terms and Conditions. The Company shall provide notice to you promptly of any such claim, suit, or proceeding and shall assist you, at your expense, in defending any such claim, suit or proceeding.

General.

The Company makes no claims that the Materials may be lawfully viewed or downloaded outside of the United States. Access to the Materials may not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries. If you access the Web Site from outside of the United States, you do so at your own risk and are responsible for compliance with the laws of your jurisdiction. These Terms and conditions are governed by the internal substantive laws of the State of New York, without respect to its conflict of laws principles. Jurisdiction for any claims arising under this agreement shall lie exclusively with the state or federal courts within New York, New York. If any provision of these Terms and Conditions are found to be invalid by any court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of these Terms and Conditions, which shall remain in full force and effect. No waiver of any term of these Terms and Conditions shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or any other term. Except as expressly provided in additional terms of use for areas of the Web Site a particular "Legal Notice," or Software License or Material on particular Web pages, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and the Company with respect to the use of Web Site. No changes to these Terms and Conditions shall be made except by a revised posting on this page.

PRIVACY POLICY

The Company recognizes that you are concerned about privacy. We are committed to preserving your privacy and safeguarding your sensitive information. The following statement describes the general information-gathering and usage practices of our sites.

Our staff, contractors, Internet service providers and others involved in this site follow this policy or similarly strict policies regarding your Information.

Disclosure

The Company is committed to fully disclosing our policies regarding the collection, use, maintenance, disclosure and security of personal information obtained from users of our site. The term "personal information" includes a name, address, email address, or any other information which could be used to contact you directly or to identify you personally.

Use and Disclosure Limitations

The Company only uses personal information about its Web site users for specific purposes. We do not share user information with third parties except when we have told users about the disclosures, when we have prior consent, or when required by law.

Use Policy: When the Company gathers personal information from users, we ask for permission first. We also disclose, at the time of collection, how the information will be used by us. Personal information is used for activities such as auto-completion of commonly-used forms and helping us contact you when you solicit information from us.

Disclosure Policy: We do not normally disclose personal information to anyone outside of the Company unless we have previously informed users about the disclosures. However, some data may be used from time to time by outside contractors, including auditors or consultants, to assist us in carrying out necessary financial or operational activities. These uses will be consistent with this privacy policy and all contractors using this potential personal information must agree to safeguard it, to use it only for the authorized purpose, and to return it or destroy it upon completion of the activity.

The Company might be required to disclose personal information in response to a valid legal process such as a subpoena, search warrant or court order.

Although unlikely, it is possible that we may have to make certain disclosures to ensure the security of our Web site, to protect its integrity, or to take precautions against potential liability. In any of these situations, we will take any reasonable steps to limit the scope of the data disclosed.

Web Logs: The Company maintains standard Web logs that record basic information about visitors to our Web site. These logs contain: * The Internet domain from which you came to our Web site. * Your IP address. An IP address is a series of numbers which uniquely identifies your connection to the Internet. Although it is possible in some instances, certain types of IP addresses may be used by interested persons to identify users but we do not attempt to identify users in this way. * The type of browser (e.g., Internet Explorer or Netscape) and operating system (e.g., Windows 98) you use. * The date and time you visited the site, and the pages you saw.

We use Web log information to design our Web site, identify popular features, and in similar ways. We do not try to identify individuals from Web logs or to link Web logs to other user information. However, if someone tries to damage our Web site or use it in an unauthorized or illegal way, we may share Web log information with law enforcement agencies. The Company may provide aggregate information such as the number of users who visit particular pages of the site, or the number of people who link to certain external sites from our site, to other parties.

Changes to Privacy Policy

The Company's features and services will change over time and our information-gathering practices and policies may also change.

While our philosophy of protecting user information from inappropriate uses and disclosures will not change, this policy will be updated occasionally to include any change that materially affects the collection, maintenance, use, or disclosure of personal information.

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