How does IPO and secondary stock offering works?

I would state the way how IPO works the way I know it. For example, if a private company is worth $1 billion and it has 10 owners ( the founder, venture capitals, partners) that each own 10% of the stakes in the company, which mean each of them own $100 mil in the company. Thus, when the company wishes to raise a total capital of $200 mil via IPO, which of the below situation is true? or both of them are true?

1) Each of the owners would sacrifice $20 mil of their stakes in the company just to raise $200 mil in the IPO.

2) Let's say after the IPO, the shares of the stocks would distributed into 100 millions shares, with $10 each, making a valuation of $1 billion. In order to raise the extra $200 mil, the company's banker would suggest it to offer another $200 mil shares at $1 dollar each, increasing the market capitalization of the company but depleting the shareholding of the current owners.

If I was right, then how does secondary offering works? Is the company just take the shares that are authorized but not yet issued and sell it to investors? If so, how does it affect the shareholding of the 10 owners?
I would appreciate your answers because I've been researching on Google and can't find a simple answer.

 
Best Response

Your example 2 is right for IPO - you issue new shares in addition to the outstanding shares, thus diluting the existing ownership.

Secondary offerings are more like example 1. It does not need to be pro rata though, so it could be two guys selling all of their shares or any number of the existing owners selling any % of shares up to $200mm

 

Officia laudantium suscipit maxime doloremque maiores voluptatem. Nostrum ex officiis accusantium non. Sed porro voluptates asperiores temporibus nihil quo qui. Aliquam quo quidem suscipit hic. Dolorem necessitatibus consequatur blanditiis corporis porro a dicta debitis.

Quos quia illum accusamus nostrum. Velit fuga quia nesciunt voluptatem. Vel ipsam enim nam et eius neque. Ad ipsam repudiandae non animi animi sint est. Adipisci dignissimos eum laboriosam illo. Veritatis pariatur ipsam officia pariatur quia.

Repellat et reprehenderit et omnis aspernatur id autem. Incidunt velit enim totam et qui ipsa perferendis.

What concert costs 45 cents? 50 Cent feat. Nickelback.

Career Advancement Opportunities

April 2024 Investment Banking

  • Jefferies & Company 02 99.4%
  • Goldman Sachs 19 98.8%
  • Harris Williams & Co. New 98.3%
  • Lazard Freres 02 97.7%
  • JPMorgan Chase 03 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

April 2024 Investment Banking

  • Harris Williams & Co. 18 99.4%
  • JPMorgan Chase 10 98.8%
  • Lazard Freres 05 98.3%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.7%
  • William Blair 03 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

April 2024 Investment Banking

  • Lazard Freres 01 99.4%
  • Jefferies & Company 02 98.8%
  • Goldman Sachs 17 98.3%
  • Moelis & Company 07 97.7%
  • JPMorgan Chase 05 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

April 2024 Investment Banking

  • Director/MD (5) $648
  • Vice President (19) $385
  • Associates (86) $261
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (14) $181
  • Intern/Summer Associate (33) $170
  • 2nd Year Analyst (66) $168
  • 1st Year Analyst (205) $159
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (145) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
99.0
3
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
4
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
5
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
6
kanon's picture
kanon
98.9
7
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
8
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
9
numi's picture
numi
98.8
10
bolo up's picture
bolo up
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”