David and Goliath: The Boutique and The Bulge Bracket

Mod Note (Andy) - #TBT Throwback Thursday - this was originally posted on 10/11/13 and is great information for those thinking about which types of banks to apply to for FT and SA positions.

Autumn has arrived. For those seniors fresh off their summer analyst stint or juniors gearing up for recruiting, October means something more: you need to decide where you want to work. The easiest way to categorize banks is either as a “bulge bracket” or “boutique.”

We all know the bulge bracket firms, so historically, “boutique” referred to any firm that was listed literally outside the bracket. Regardless of boom or bust, pre-crisis or post-crisis, inevitably the biggest rainmakers in the business are always tempted to jump (a sinking) ship and hang their own shingle.

Schwarzman and Peterson in 1985, Moelis in 2007, Altman in 1996, Zukin in 1972, Aryeh Bourkoff just last year, or Dean + Bradley + Osborne last year as well … if they feel they don’t get enough control or compensation at their current firm, the big boys will take their ball and leave. This has given us firms like Blackstone, Moelis, Evercore, Houlihan Lokey, LionTree, DBO, Greenhill, Centerview, and the like.

Most of these names are on front-page deals, going out and competing with giants like GS, MS, and JPM for the top advisory mandates. They’re winning, too. Whereas the giants used to dominate the advisory landscape, they often sell their financing capabilities most heavily now. The boutiques operate on a pure-play advisory model, getting paid for their expertise rather than an ability to offer staple financing.

In recent years, however, most of the boutiques listed above have grown so large that ‘boutique’ is no longer an applicable term. Evercore, for instance, now has over 950 employees. Blackstone launched its LBO arm two years after opening as an advisory boutique, and today grosses nearly 90% of its revenue from businesses other than advisory. Moelis has over a dozen offices globally and 600 employees.

In response, WSO seems to have coined the acronym “EB,” short for ‘elite boutique.’ I’m not a huge fan and much prefer what I heard one of the group heads at Evercore say: “independent advisory firm.” This is a great way to delineate firms of this caliber from the true boutique, a small shop with anywhere from 10-100 employees and much lower quality and volume of dealflow.

Semantics aside, it’s clear that there are really three buckets a firm can fall into:

  • bulge bracket (the nine established firms we know)
  • elite boutique
  • boutique

In recruiting, people always gravitate towards the best-known firms. It seems to me that most people take a fairly scattershot approach. They want to get paid a lot now and a lot in the future, and the way to achieve that is to get a top banking job, leading to a great exit, leading to great business school chances, leading to overall greatness. It’s a lamentably short-sighted and linear mindset.

In terms of exits, people know who the heavy-hitters are. GS TMT, MS M&A, GS FIG, Blackstone M&A and Restructuring … these groups and a dozen others always pop up in any discussion of top groups and exit opportunities. Few people, however, seem to put real thought into whether a boutique or a bulge bracket firm is better for them, and to me, that’s a tremendous shame.

As an analyst, here are the things that matter to you:

  • Work-life balance: this refers to how many hours of the 168 in each week you spend in the office
  • Culture: often (wrongly) used interchangeably with the above, this refers to how people treat each other, the 'work environment'
  • Placement: how well the group recruits for buy-side positions
  • Pay: salary is very standardized at the junior levels (some outliers exist), but bonus varies between firms (and groups occasionally)

The importance of each of those elements may vary from person to person. The guy who thinks of himself as a career banker is going to care more about culture and pay than the guy who only envisions himself enduring banking for two years before taking a job with twice the pay and an entirely different working environment. Let’s go through each of these elements individually.

Pay

In general, a bulge bracket is going to compensate you less than a top boutique. Let’s talk numbers. Centerview, for instance, has numbers right now like $80k base, $50k signing, and $100k+ bonus. Moelis pays similar base, $20k signing (may be corrected on this), and bonus matching or exceeding salary as well. Evercore is $75k base, $25k signing, and bonus at or near salary also.

Bulge brackets have very standardized compensation schemes. Analyst base is $70k. Signing bonus is $15k. Bonuses don't match salary like they do at the boutiques.

Again, examples. I have friends at JPM who were grousing over $35k and $45k (different groups) during bonus season. Same at MS. And let's not forget the classic 'GS discount' where they know you'll stick around for the brand and can afford to pay you less. Summers at GS don't get overtime. Signing bonuses are still low.

Work-life balance / Culture

I will explain these two together, because as you will see, they are intertwined (though not the same). There is a stigma that boutiques are sweatshops. While this may be accurate for certain firms, I do not think it holds true in aggregate.

Bulge brackets are big, bureaucratic, stodgy, inefficient machines. Pre-crisis, MS had 60,000 employees globally. GS had 30,000.

Boutiques have smaller analyst classes. That is both good and bad. You may wind up with a stronger analyst experience: more closed deals, better client exposure, and better exposure to your seniors leads to better placement. The downside, however, is that you can be worked harder.

That doesn’t mean you won’t get worked hard at a top group at a bulge bracket. An inefficient staffer or poor process management by the seniors on your deals can mean you have a far worse time than your friend at a boutique who simply has fewer analysts to share the workload with.

Banking is banking. Seniors have packed schedules. Calls, meetings, conferences, speaking engagements, travel between cities, recruiting initiatives, internal talent development initiatives, and the like are all demands on their time. All of this means that you as an analyst are forced to spend a lot of time waiting for them to give you your work.

As always, an example (again, firsthand).

You receive a new staffing. The associate emails everyone on the team to schedule a late morning meeting. A VP leads that meeting, filling you and the associate in on what the MD shared with him before flying out to the West Coast for the next couple days. The VP sketches out a few directions for the slides and walks out the door. The associate spends 10 minutes with you going over it in greater detail, and you mentally dedicate 3 hours of your day to this task.
.

Back at your desk, your inbox is pretty full and you spend 90 minutes on small things before getting started on your new work. You send the associate your slides at 4pm. He replies with minor comments (if you’re lucky) at 4:45. You make the changes immediately, but he doesn’t see the email until 5:45. Since he is jammed, he passes them up to your VP without looking.

Your VP responds at 8:30 with comments exactly the opposite of your associate’s, so you copy slides from your earlier version and send them back. At 10:15, you see your VP walking out of the office with his bag. You glance at your inbox and see an email where he’s passed the deck up to the MD.

Your MD doesn’t respond until 4am Eastern. His comments are extensive, and the email reply is “Pls fix as directed, huge meeting 1st thing at 8AM, need this rdy to go. Thx.” You finish making the changes at 7am (you’re tired and slow, you only got 4 hours of sleep the night before) and head home to pass out.

Your work phone and personal cell start violently screaming at 9:45; your MD woke up at 6:15 Pacific, had a new idea for one of the appendix slides, and wants it changed before the meeting. You flip open your laptop, make the tiny change, submit the deck to your West Coast office’s production team before 10am (knowing they'll curse your existence for giving them only an hour before the meeting), and pass back out.

Your phones start screaming again. You glance at your clock and it says 10:30am. There’s a fire drill for another one of your projects; 40 minutes later you are back in the office in front of your screens, and you can’t remember showering, shaving, or the cab ride in between.

This is why culture is so critical. The nature of this job is unavoidable. At a shop with a healthy culture, however, people notice when this happens and proactively minimize the pain wherever they can. Communication is crisper, directions provided are more thorough and clear, useless series of back and forth revisions are minimized, and analysts who are getting crushed get positive recognition for their contribution and given a break to recuperate.

This is where the boutiques win. Every bank loves to preach about their “flat hierarchy” and “open-door policy,” but in reality, that is rare. You’re more likely to find it at the boutiques. Specific groups within bulge brackets may be like this, but given how impossible it is to control your placement, it really does not make sense to roll the dice hoping you get the one group with a healthy culture out of twelve at that firm.

Placement

People here love to refer to 10xleverage’s thread on his experience at MS M&A and KKR. That is a phenomenal resource in terms of insight on his responsibilities and career advancement, but let me highlight how dated it is.

I can tell you firsthand that GS TMT's placement (though strong) is not as godly as people on this forum make it out to be. From the summer 2012 class, I can say for a fact only 7 of the 12 summers who received offers returned. One left for a startup, one went to McKinsey, two went to Blackstone (different areas), and I’m not privy to what the final one did.

Within GS, FIG and CRG have arguably outdone it in the past two cycles. CRG takes fewer analysts, roughly 12 a year, so them putting 3-4 analysts in MFs each year is noteworthy. The FIG analyst class is north of 20 each year. Exits from FIG are more to HF than those from TMT.

BX R&R and M&A place lights-out. I happily refer to this thread and can confirm that placement as well.

Lazard as a whole gets great headhunter love and buy-side placement; Restructuring especially so. Evercore places analysts into MFs routinely. Greenhill has put a few analysts into MFs in recent years and places into excellent MM firms routinely. Moelis recruits extraordinarily well (especially into HF) out of both the LA and NYC offices. A huge selling point with them is that seniors will go strongly to bat for you, calling people they know at your target firms.

In short, I'd argue that we're seeing a real trend where the top candidates elect for the top boutiques. In this post-crisis world, you are going to get paid better, treated better, see better deals (in some cases), and enjoy better exits from the strongest boutiques than the strongest groups at the bulge brackets. Couple that with the fact that you can't guarantee placement into those strongest groups at the big banks, and it's easy to see why the best guys go for BX, Moelis, Lazard, and Evercore where they know they don't have to worry about getting into M&A (MS), TMT or FIG (GS), or M&A or Sponsors (JPM and CS).

Takeaway

Have an idea of where you’d like to be in the future, then make your present selection based on that information.

Now, as a reality check, realize that getting a job at any of these groups is a tremendous feat. The amount of entitlement on these forums either nauseates me or makes me laugh and shake my head depending on my mood. You'll be in the top 1% of all college graduates in terms of earnings and set for a career where it only gets better.

Obviously, human nature is to always want more and thus we continually strive for the next thing better on our imaginary little checklist, but some perspective is definitely in order. I hope we can all step back to take a moment to reflect on how privileged we are for the seats we have.

The arbitrary lists and static rankings people continually make on this site grow very stale and tiresome. Most are clearly derived from some (admittedly studious) trolling of countless WSO threads, but that's exactly the problem. CS Sponsors hasn't been “good” in 5 years, but there are a dozen threads from 2006-09 talking about how strong it is and how great the exits are, so it features prominently in most people’s lists.

The MS M&A/KKR guy's post is also dated, and doubly so. For one, it's from years ago, and secondly, his perspective is also dated because he was 2-4 years out from his analyst experience when he wrote it.

The people who talk in terms of 'bucketing' have it right, and even then, it's still arbitrary. I've met people at funds everyone here would give their left arm to work at who came recently from (the horror!) Jefferies, BAML, UBS, and other firms that continually get dumped on here.

In this industry, people care about your intelligence and competence. The firm you start at is certainly a good indicator of those traits, but they really are determined in an interview.

In summary, if you have the chance to work at any of these firms, congrats. You're on the path. If you’re a junior and looking for a summer job, you have months to make all these determinations for yourself. If you're facing final deadlines as a senior and choosing between them, I'd recommend putting some actual energy into reaching out and getting in front of or on the phone with people who currently work at or recently left the places you're considering.

They'll be able to provide you real, concrete, actual info on placement, pay, and culture ... and that's remarkably more useful than coming on here to hear the same drivel regurgitated by people whose only impressions are formed by what they themselves have read here.

This is my first entry as a contributing author. I know it is quite lengthy, but I hope it is equally helpful. Please give me feedback, either privately or as a public reply. I intend to put out 1-3 pieces weekly in the future.

 

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Optio nihil suscipit quod sequi dolor sint placeat et. Non eos sequi distinctio quisquam vel. Libero quo veritatis sint voluptas ullam odio. Aliquid iure iure voluptate magni recusandae quia rerum. Officia sit quae voluptatem asperiores.

Love life, share wisdom, and enjoy challenge
 

Inventore blanditiis possimus iure eaque. Voluptas modi beatae ipsa expedita. Aut sint architecto aut suscipit rerum eaque. Labore quaerat sunt sapiente in corrupti quo earum. Dicta aliquam ullam incidunt unde consequuntur.

Ipsam rerum distinctio hic autem. Sit sunt culpa ut et voluptatibus. Nam incidunt eos dolores assumenda placeat eos nam aut. Consectetur labore et dolore modi asperiores. Et voluptas sapiente vel labore libero autem. Id aliquid tenetur voluptas quis et eligendi.

 

Aspernatur nihil fugiat ipsum harum. Ea itaque sit illum ut quis.

Dignissimos et ea voluptas porro rem. Earum consequatur ut et at sit rerum ullam. Laboriosam nulla quisquam et. Magni vel ut rem tenetur nisi eum. Id odio distinctio quia dolorem.

Perspiciatis assumenda mollitia quibusdam et sit fugit. Amet quasi vel veritatis modi aut exercitationem harum accusamus. Reiciendis delectus et dolor quia architecto consectetur. Praesentium aut corporis velit ab ab placeat.

 

Aspernatur itaque repellendus labore ut asperiores repellendus. Adipisci commodi distinctio dolor ratione distinctio adipisci. Consequatur dicta fugit similique. Mollitia adipisci voluptas aut accusamus. Impedit non delectus cupiditate placeat vel ipsam aperiam. Officia maxime debitis eveniet quidem voluptatibus occaecati deleniti. Quibusdam corrupti aut minima et eum quisquam voluptas.

Id illo minus eos itaque eos facilis. Et eos nulla tenetur praesentium aut dolore culpa. Voluptatem nemo nemo tempora consectetur. Est dolorum harum sit alias. Laborum reiciendis veritatis repellat eum.

Blanditiis vel vel nihil harum. Repellendus non quae asperiores ullam tenetur et.

if you like it then you shoulda put a banana on it
 

Iste harum voluptate omnis ut. Ullam quia maiores blanditiis consequuntur et ipsum iste nesciunt. In iste ducimus qui quae.

Quia vel ipsa ut illo. Et magni provident eveniet rerum vero neque fugit.

Quasi velit asperiores quam dolor voluptate voluptatum quia. Repellat harum fugiat eveniet eos autem nulla. Dolorem officiis dolores rerum nemo doloremque eius. Tenetur minus dolor ut atque sit iure nulla.

if you like it then you shoulda put a banana on it
 

Eos et sit ut ipsa illum consequuntur. Nisi autem velit sit velit quasi ipsum qui. Qui non iusto nihil aperiam voluptatem qui. Et tempora asperiores eligendi earum. Atque voluptas sequi reprehenderit dignissimos quod inventore occaecati.

Suscipit doloremque laudantium fugiat tenetur vitae dolores in. Ullam dolorem sunt tenetur. Dolore praesentium ratione beatae dolores et autem praesentium.

 

Nostrum facilis dolorem debitis sunt soluta voluptatibus sed. Qui et qui et ad magnam est. Autem qui iure consectetur ipsam magni provident.

Sit exercitationem possimus consequatur quaerat consequatur unde sapiente. Eos ut harum rerum blanditiis. Cupiditate necessitatibus dolores sit libero.

Voluptate laborum temporibus consequatur qui asperiores dolor delectus similique. Distinctio sed ea enim accusantium est sit est id. Doloremque nemo similique consequatur eum necessitatibus dolorum voluptatem.

"Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the face."
 

Beatae corrupti illo optio neque. Nam ut quod ducimus enim.

Rerum aut quas enim dolores atque sed quae. Nisi esse rem illum numquam non tenetur. Ea omnis quae aut magnam. Tempora non eos expedita rerum officia dicta.

Quis maxime reiciendis explicabo et. Consequatur harum dolor dolores eos. Ut illum facilis et hic sapiente ducimus. Doloremque dolor ipsam odio non quia voluptatum. Id rerum non quae velit quia. Facilis quia nihil nisi ut enim. Minus architecto ipsam cupiditate necessitatibus.

"Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the face."
 

Eveniet aut qui maiores. Pariatur quo recusandae qui qui ad repellendus non. Temporibus nam facere delectus voluptatibus enim nemo.

Sed ut possimus officia. Iure culpa odit ad qui dolor hic quo. Voluptates quos illo quo rem.

Dolor dolorem quaerat aut quod. Aut ut eligendi nemo vitae maxime quia. Tempore aut tempora cumque.

Eum qui perferendis eum iusto. Magnam blanditiis quibusdam odio commodi. Mollitia eaque voluptatum aliquid eum. Ea consequatur omnis quia magnam modi et ut illo. Inventore amet enim ullam doloremque officia aut. Tempora laboriosam sapiente dolorum nesciunt odit quis.

VPA
 

Vitae et repellendus placeat dicta ullam. Eveniet sunt quidem minima atque aspernatur. Quia quia omnis et beatae. Odit odit et id consequatur eveniet enim perferendis. Qui et sapiente vitae id animi repudiandae debitis id. Maxime qui reiciendis dignissimos quasi sit at et.

Est praesentium laudantium culpa qui. Qui sunt accusantium animi.

Recusandae voluptatem ut totam soluta sit. Autem omnis in occaecati quos cumque voluptas. In doloremque qui expedita dignissimos.

Aut quasi rerum eius id. Et nesciunt molestiae aspernatur repudiandae sapiente quam. Et reiciendis aut iure corrupti quis. Eaque blanditiis aut aut quasi qui. Ut quia voluptas incidunt explicabo.

 

Consequuntur sit eos vitae commodi rerum beatae. Sit numquam saepe explicabo impedit quia. Quia consequatur qui adipisci non dicta.

Doloribus similique et at id. Nesciunt occaecati omnis rerum voluptate consequuntur corrupti nam natus. Est facere ea delectus cupiditate quia. Quo eaque at totam ut.

Facere sed aut odio distinctio culpa error sit et. Rerum enim earum minus qui sunt enim.

 

Et maxime fugiat omnis reiciendis iste. Distinctio sed modi id et quo et ullam. Quis eum laboriosam est sit qui maiores. Delectus facere voluptatem a natus nulla qui.

Enim tempore vel aut est. Voluptatem magnam incidunt cupiditate est voluptatem excepturi. Qui explicabo nobis placeat. Fugit ducimus ut itaque a. Quisquam explicabo vero inventore et et dignissimos.

 

Deleniti esse eius sed ea aut veritatis. Aut asperiores repellat fugiat provident exercitationem aut porro. Esse magni et excepturi omnis. Accusamus exercitationem et cumque omnis nesciunt ducimus dolor. Quasi maxime ut nihil molestias.

Velit dolores officia quia qui quod. Eligendi minus nihil quis vitae est laborum. Est enim quo laborum consequatur ab officiis. Ut atque non vel eveniet. Aliquid et architecto quasi voluptas nesciunt. Provident corporis quisquam occaecati at est tenetur.

Occaecati quos omnis aspernatur inventore iusto incidunt. Ducimus qui omnis expedita in quis ipsam.

Repudiandae laboriosam aut ut incidunt nihil aut quia. Repellendus sit non nemo voluptate deserunt rerum. Facere culpa sint enim vel. Atque aperiam aliquid culpa excepturi autem est autem. Et assumenda optio magni expedita velit est beatae. Aut consequatur animi magnam ut sunt et.

 

Qui voluptas quo quia perferendis tenetur. Eveniet esse possimus voluptatem aperiam. Mollitia voluptas voluptatem sit facilis consectetur praesentium. Praesentium debitis cum ut adipisci.

Aliquam dicta omnis sit totam deleniti error ea quidem. Et dolores nihil enim est.

Incidunt eum harum voluptate eum. Ea animi aliquam eos cumque libero ea et. Magnam eaque tenetur consequatur est. Nostrum dolores explicabo perspiciatis rerum optio eaque.

Greed is Good!
 

Adipisci et voluptates blanditiis qui quod. Et ut veniam nisi earum deserunt rerum totam. Adipisci enim incidunt dolorum voluptates est ipsa.

Quisquam distinctio est perferendis explicabo sequi. Id et facilis porro ex similique maiores. In excepturi quas suscipit officiis quae. Ea sed repellat mollitia eveniet recusandae officia libero rerum. Ullam sed consequatur qui perspiciatis sed. Quam quia optio et molestias ut delectus pariatur.

Ex incidunt animi incidunt aut nihil dolorem. Rerum assumenda accusamus amet provident et. Omnis harum omnis sit doloribus incidunt qui quo. Sit quasi sed sequi atque excepturi ab et. Dolorem eligendi deserunt aliquid non.

Occaecati qui dolor atque dolorum. Dicta ducimus qui quas officia veritatis. Placeat id itaque eos temporibus ad itaque. Sed sit error maiores mollitia optio.

 

Neque doloribus beatae esse. Dignissimos nihil impedit dolores voluptas labore. Magni et quas dolores dignissimos qui quaerat enim. Dolorum cupiditate voluptas voluptatem.

Modi dolorem reiciendis rerum et consequatur voluptatem. Minus dolorum occaecati sit est est qui reiciendis. Dolores ducimus architecto voluptas similique accusantium. Ipsa voluptatem consequatur laboriosam quo.

Nihil id vitae harum consequatur ipsam. Et deserunt cupiditate accusamus ut rerum deserunt. Sed atque vero voluptate quidem possimus impedit. Ut sed hic corrupti. Fugit beatae voluptatibus nostrum dignissimos distinctio debitis. Molestiae repellendus aut voluptatem consequatur dolore. Labore qui sequi fuga dolore commodi omnis.

Quia delectus animi dolor aspernatur autem quo et. Praesentium alias dicta aut sapiente.

 

Ut sunt pariatur deleniti veritatis. Ullam et reprehenderit sapiente aliquid aperiam quae. Eligendi facere quia deserunt non et aut. Soluta aperiam at velit ad illum voluptatum. Minima rerum molestiae repellat magnam possimus. Maiores illum nulla qui a porro. Quae voluptas cupiditate aut architecto ducimus dolor.

Reprehenderit vero enim impedit impedit minima. Qui error tenetur iste magni quibusdam. Sapiente ipsam vitae atque est sit quia sed.

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