Equity Research Career Path Advice

Currently working a job in Asset Performance Analytics and reporting at a boutique Investment Management firm. Based on my exposure in school, and what I've learned and been exposed too at my current position, I think I would really enjoy working in equity research.

I'm generally knowledgeable about different jobs and functions within equity research, hence my interest, but am less educated on things such as:

coming from a semi target school with a bachelors in Finance, an average GPA but solid experience (2 years worth), am I poised well to pursue entry level equity research positions or am I shooting for the stars here? I can expand on my resume if needed for a more accurate answer.

If more or more relevant experience is needed, what are some less competitive firms that I might have a better chance at getting into? On that note, relative to other industries (RE, IB, HF, etc...) how competitive is equity research?

Any other tips or advice on breaking in, or other important details I might miss are appreciated.

Thanks!


 

I have a good amount of client facing exposure and investor relations experience at this job and my previous job amd even my internship that i feel like could help me with establishing relationships with management teams, others in the industry, etc

 

I think if you haven't gotten one by now your best bet would be to take any job you can that's even remotely relevant - you haven't gotten one yet, and the chances are slimmer and slimmer the longer you go without doing something. I'd get the best job I can, work for a few years, and then try to move to ER

 

Ya, I was afraid someone was gonna say that. For me its just like f ck any 9-5 job where you're just sitting around waiting for the day to end. I need some adrenaline and I'm trying to do anything else but take a lame job.

"When you rely on the research of others, you can only know what they know" -- Random guy on CNBC a while ago
 

Haha, well I guess it's where the reading leads that is exciting to me.

I talk to a guy every now and again that's been in ER for most of his life, though now on the buy-side. He said he is still gets excited to get in everyday because things are ever-changing and decisions must constantly be made. To be honest, I'm not sure if adrenaline was the exact word I was looking for, however. I'm just looking for something with analytical problem-solving and competition where I'll be pushed to the limit.

Thanks for your input on this, btw. All advice I can get is very helpful at this point.

"When you rely on the research of others, you can only know what they know" -- Random guy on CNBC a while ago
 

I have done some ER (moved to IB after) and it's definitely interesting and very enjoyable. However, as I said in my first comment, if you haven't found one by now chances are you probably won't get an ER gig - in all honesty, moving to ER through a top MBA program is probably your best bet.

Not sure how much research you've done or haven't done on MBA programs, but even with a low GPA in college, if you can get some good (even pretty unrelated) work experience under your belt and get some solid ECs etc (and most importantly, show leadership/career progression) you could get into a solid MBA program in a few years and then move to ER after. Hard to see it happening another way (as in without further school - maybe a Masters in Finance would work too).

 

Well I really do appreciate the advice. I'm not sure I'm willing to swallow that pill yet as I've just truly started looking this week. But I will keep your comments in mind as time wains.

As for grad school, I'd like to keep it in my back pocket for as long as possible. I do hope that some experience and my CPA & CFA will mitigate the damage of the low GPA.

"When you rely on the research of others, you can only know what they know" -- Random guy on CNBC a while ago
 
MrBateman10:
Been trying to land a spot in ER or something similar

If you want to break into the ER. For starters you're getting all the wrong experience...

CFA, DCF & Comps Modeling, and mock research on companies won't help when a patient comes into the ER at 2am with a compound clavicular fracture... or worse yet, a myocardial infarction!

For beginners, you'll want to attend a University and study the sciences (chem, bio, psychology), some schools may also have an undergraduate Nursing program you can attend. Subsequent graduation, it is common to volunteer for a year or two while studying for the MCAT and obtaining your EMT certification, before entering into an DO/MD, PA, RN, or Nurse Practitioner program.

In you're graduate program you'll want to do rotations in the ER, and develop relationships with some of the Managing Doctors on the floor. Networking will be key to obtaining a position post graduation as the ER is a very sought after department in most hospitals, there are long hours, high pay, and constantly changing scenarios.

"A man can convince anyone he's somebody else, but never himself."
 

Sounds like you are doing all the right things. I would suggest reaching out to people who have a similar background as you such as having had worked at the same firm or graduated from the same university. In my experiences, these types of people were very willing to help me out.

 

Take the CFA Level 1 before you graduate. Practice writing up equity research reports/doing some modeling. Attach these to any ER job you apply for. Try to get an ER internship for the coming summer, your best bet would be to apply far and wide and network your ass off. MF/MBA won't help you get into ER, networking studying for the CFA and practicing writing ER reports/modeling would be a much better use of your time

 

I think it could be attractive with the caveat that you spin the industry knowledge and experience in whatever sector your F500 company is in to join a research team covering that industry. For example if you're a sales analyst at Verizon, you could leverage that to join a telecom team. Analysts like people with industry experience and the CFA program and relevant major should help. Other than that do some investing on your own (good conversation topic/shows interest) and have good stock pitches for interviews.

 

Thank you very much for you reply

I've been flustered recently trying to figure out how to get where I want to go. Your response has given me a little more confidence in pursuing opportunities that are not directly in the Investment realm. Hopefully with enough effort it will all turn out well.

Thanks again!

 

I think there are two main components to being qualified to work as an ER associate:

  1. Knowledge of finance/accounting/valuation
  2. Knowledge of the sector that you cover

You seem to have a good game plan that hits both of those. I did BIWS courses and then created my own models for a few sectors. Through my network, I was introduced to some SS analysts and eventually one of those conversations led to an interview. Having a research report (1pg writeup) and a 3-statemet model will help. I would pick a relatively simple company and try to create a model and come up with some investment thesis.

It is definitely a tough area to break into given how few seats there are and how unpredictable turnover is but if you have a mind for ER, you will be grateful when you get in.

 

Thanks so much man. The main modeling techniques that I should know are DCF analysis and comps right? Only ask because you say models. That's awesome that you got in through networking. I will be doing this hard as soon as I have my write-up/model.

Sorry, I'm still new to do this, but by the 3 statement model, do you just mean the DCF?

And yes, I clearly have a steep learning curve ahead of me, but this is something I'd like to learn and although a little challenging, look forward to the process

 

I would not rule out IB just because you are an international student in the USA. Many internationals work in IB in the USA and are seen everywhere on the street. Just believe in yourself and pursue what you are interested in whether it be IB/ER.

 

1) A virtual portfolio doesn't hold much weight. Anybody can enter into an investopedia stock picking contest and throw around fake money. What matters is that you have skin in the game. There is a huge difference between picking stocks with fake money and picking stocks when you're using the money that you've worked hard for and it would hurt to lose it. Additionally, when you are using your own money, I guarantee that you will conduct much more thorough research and analysis because you're putting your money at risk. It will also allow you to learn things about yourself and understand the emotional aspect of investing and the biases that come along with it.

2) Comparables analysis is good when it is supplemental to fundamental analysis. Generally in ER, you're going to take a dive into the company and undertstand it from a fundamental standpoint. Once you have a thorough understanding of the business, then you can use a comps approach and look at it vs. its peers and why they are trading at different multiples, etc. I would really recommend at least building full models for a few companies. You'll be modeling companies in ER and it would be great to speak from experience in an interview. It will also help you learn how your assumptions can drive changes throughout the model and affect your final valuation.

3) These are the questions I received about my personal portfolio during the interview process: -"What's the best/worst trade you've made?" -"What is the biggest mistake you've made investing? Why did you make it? What did you learn from it?" -"What is the last stock you bought/sold? Why?" -"What do you all have you in your portfolio?" - If you use index funds like Vanguard, I would not bring these up. It is an ER analyst's job to believe that the markets are not efficient and if you say that you use index funds they may question your passion for research.

These are the types of questions that can't be answered with a virtual portfolio. I would recommend looking around and seeing what brokerages will allow to start an account with a smaller sum. Even having $500 in the game is 10x better than running a fake portfolio.

 
ldfrench:

1) A virtual portfolio doesn't hold much weight. Anybody can enter into an investopedia stock picking contest and throw around fake money. What matters is that you have skin in the game. There is a huge difference between picking stocks with fake money and picking stocks when you're using the money that you've worked hard for and it would hurt to lose it. Additionally, when you are using your own money, I guarantee that you will conduct much more thorough research and analysis because you're putting your money at risk. It will also allow you to learn things about yourself and understand the emotional aspect of investing and the biases that come along with it.

2) Comparables analysis is good when it is supplemental to fundamental analysis. Generally in ER, you're going to take a dive into the company and undertstand it from a fundamental standpoint. Once you have a thorough understanding of the business, then you can use a comps approach and look at it vs. its peers and why they are trading at different multiples, etc. I would really recommend at least building full models for a few companies. You'll be modeling companies in ER and it would be great to speak from experience in an interview. It will also help you learn how your assumptions can drive changes throughout the model and affect your final valuation.

3) These are the questions I received about my personal portfolio during the interview process:
-"What's the best/worst trade you've made?"
-"What is the biggest mistake you've made investing? Why did you make it? What did you learn from it?"
-"What is the last stock you bought/sold? Why?"
-"What do you all have you in your portfolio?" - If you use index funds like Vanguard, I would not bring these up. It is an ER analyst's job to believe that the markets are not efficient and if you say that you use index funds they may question your passion for research.

These are the types of questions that can't be answered with a virtual portfolio. I would recommend looking around and seeing what brokerages will allow to start an account with a smaller sum. Even having $500 in the game is 10x better than running a fake portfolio.

Thanks for your very detailed reply, couldn't have asked for a better one!

1) I think that's a fair point, I just wanted to confirm it. I don't have loads of spare cash laying around (far from it), but I can afford to put say a thousand or so into a few different stocks and it won't affect me at all.

2) The reason I'm thikning of using the comparables approach is that I can use that to capture a wide array of companies and then narrow down my search from there. Otherwise it would be much more difficult to find a company out of all the FTSE listed ones and then start modelling it. I could do a two tiered approach by first using comparables to find one that seems undervalued and then building a more comprehensive model to see if the fundamentals analysis (which I'd do anyway but on a much less substantial level if not modelling comprehensively) adds up to it being a good investment in my opinion.

3) Thanks for the questions, those seem quite reasonable ones and definitely ones where having a portfolio will help me answer them.

 

I think you should focus on understanding how a research process works and building out a rounded thesis before you start messing around with portfolios. The best way to see if you like doing fundamental research is spending a couple weeks/a month or so studying a single company.

 

I've never actually had a portfolio when I went in for interviews. I think it's fine to not have one, so long as you still demonstrate an interest in the markets and that you've put in some effort to learn fundamental analysis. I would say to just pick a company that seems interesting and dive into it. Doesn't have to be the most attractive stock. Your research process might tell you that the stock is fairly valued, but the important thing was the process and not whether you actually traded the stock

 
cob5:

I've never actually had a portfolio when I went in for interviews. I think it's fine to not have one, so long as you still demonstrate an interest in the markets and that you've put in some effort to learn fundamental analysis. I would say to just pick a company that seems interesting and dive into it. Doesn't have to be the most attractive stock. Your research process might tell you that the stock is fairly valued, but the important thing was the process and not whether you actually traded the stock

Thanks. I think this makes sense since at least as a sell side analyst your job isn't necessarily stock picking but more about giving an opinion on a company (or so it seems to me). Obviously this is different for an analyst working in a fund as their job is very much about finding good buys.

This is making me think that in addition to buying some stocks, it might be beneficial to just try and model some companies I find interesting and see how close I get to the quarterly earnings reports as that will be a closer approximation of the work of a sell side analyst.

I presume a chartered accountancy background (which is where I'm coming from) is beneficial for fundamental analysis as you've got a good grasp of many of the financial reporting and accounting issues?

 

Accounting background is helpful but can hurt you if you don't understand the difference between accounting standards and economic reality. I got in with my own initiation type reports. tons of detail that demonstrates industry and company specific characteristics along with showing your modeling and writing skills. Don't pitch hot stuff like Apple or tesla that Jim Cramer talks about all day.

 

Thought I'd post a bit of a progress update:

I have set up my own stock portfolio and invested into a few stocks. I currently have 3 stocks in it and am about to add a 4th. For 3 of these stocks I've built some relatively simple models and come up with my own valuations (however flawed my assumptions may be). I think I've got some alright points as to why I've picked these companies to invest into.

Would this be a good platform off of which to try and sell myself to Equity Research roles?

 

Its less about talking about your portfolio and more about being able to talk about individual stocks. Having a portfolio helps in that if you pick stocks for your portfolio you have a library of stocks and investing experience to talk about during your interview. E.g. I made X% on this stock last year, i picked it because it was valued at x.x p/e discount to peers despite having x and x. Consesus EPS was x but I thought it would be x. Catalyst for re-rating higher for me was x. Etc., etc. Even if you are wrong having actual experiences to talk about will engage your interviewer in a way that someone that hasn't made or lost money in the market will not be able to. That is the upside to owning real stocks. Plus you will find that you remember the ups and downs of the stock much more and will be much more motivated if your entire savings is riding on it.

Once you mention what stocks you own that will open you up to questions on the specific stocks though. So if you don't know a company really well just don't mention it. If you made 40% profit on a company but can't answer detail questions about it (multiples, why is it cheap?, catalyst, business model vs peers), it won't help you much.

 

The most important thing to do is to network, network and then network some more. Craft a compelling story about why you want to be in ER and be ready to demonstrate your passion for the markets. Write more reports and build more models.

If you're really set on making a move consider an MBA. This is a higher risk move since ER hiring is not as structured as banking, so timing will make a big difference, but this is how I (also a CPA) and several others I know broke in. The reason why the MBA helps is because it affords you access to a network of people in research who can refer you in. If you don't want to do an MBA, then start your CFA to show you're serious about a career in research.

 

Thanks for the advice on this. I am really trying to avoid the MBA route if I can get away with it but really like the point about the CFA. Going to have to get myself going on level 1.

 

Most people on this forum will probably say that breaking into ER is 'easier' than a product group, and also say that sell-side ER people are blowing smoke 95% of the time and don't provide real value. I think the fact that you're finding more roles is just a reflection of need instead of 'prestige'. Both are great FO roles.

 

Actually, I'd say its harder, but that depends on what stage in your career you are at. If you have experience, my impression is that it is easier. If you're in college, then IB is probably easier because most ER recruiters look for a few years of experience.

"There's nothing you can do if you're too scared to try." - Nickel Creek
 

Without getting into which is harder, I'll say that breaking into ER is different. There are fewer positions available because ER teams are much smaller. Analysts usually only have 1-2 associates and teams don't need to be much bigger than that for the most part. You also aren't necessarily expected to leave after 2-3 years the way you are in IB so you tend to have lower turnover as well.

 

Yeah ER is not your typical 2 and out program, it's much more for people who know they are in it for the long haul/ only want to leave for AM or HF. Your exit opps are more limited and can be harder to leave than the established IB recruiting pipelines.

That being said, ER hours are much better, I would argue that the people are more down to earth depending on where you go, and you are going to learn a lot. Some ER analysts may just blow smoke on their investment recommendations, but the level of detail and quality of analysis you do on these businesses really helps you learn more than plugging in random numbers into a model to get a deal where your MD thinks it should be. I felt like I added a lot more value to our work than my peers in IB did, and as a result I was a lot happier.

As for difficulty, an ER as a whole is smaller than IB. Intern classes are generally 15-25 people at BBs, of which very few do not accept full time offers. So if you are trying to break in FT, you are looking at 2-3 spots per BB available, most of which get staffed by internal transfers from other divisions or other firms. However, this doesn't really talk about acceptance rates. The number of people interested in ER is most certainly less than IB, so there's not a definitive answer as if ER is more selective than IB. They certainly have preferences for interns/analysts who have investment backgrounds over FP&A, but plenty of FP&A people work in ER.

 

Being pedantic, but want to point out that ER =/= IB.

Some fair points above - consensus based on what I've seen and heard indicates that ER is typically less "competitive" than ib because fewer people want er. However there are fewer spots and turnover is much lower (and hiring is often as hoc rather than structured - doesn't really apply to you though as you've already worked so would be as hoc anyway) so that aspect makes it difficult. Bet net hard to say for sure.

Finally, while it's usually true that er is a better lifestyle etc it depends on where you go - I know people in er who worked banking hours - so do your due diligence before picking a place and expecting it to be more cruisy than banking

 

First of all, if you want to break into ER, I highly suggest you network your way in, just as you would in IB at that point in your game...unless you're considering grad school. Second, I would choose a few focus sectors, so that you can really narrow in on your choices and have a few good pitches and show some enthusiasm around a particular space when you interview...trust me, analysts want to know that you're in love with the space (it helps to know that because during earnings...if you dislike the space, you'll hate your job and your analyst will probably hate you, haha)...lastly, I wanted to say that I think I work pretty close to banking hours as an associate. During regular work weeks, I work typically from 7am to 9pm. During earnings, banking deals, or initiations, imagine days of 6:15am to 1am+

Anyway, that's just some food for thought, hope that helps.

 

Thanks for the advice,

I'm leaning more towards ER at this point. There just aren't that many ER positions in Minneapolis, where most of my connections and network are. Would I have any shot at ER outside of Minnesota without extensive networking? Or is my school too non-target? Any tips or advice for a non target trying to break into a new market?

 
swan1470:

Thanks for the advice,

I'm leaning more towards ER at this point. There just aren't that many ER positions in Minneapolis, where most of my connections and network are. Would I have any shot at ER outside of Minnesota without extensive networking? Or is my school too non-target? Any tips or advice for a non target trying to break into a new market?

There aren't a ton, but there are more than you probably have considered.

Piper, Craig Hallum, Northland Securities/CM, JMP has an office there... and there are a few others (RBC may have someone, Bernstein has some positions similar to ER, etc.)

 

Yeah, there are a decent number of firms but they just don't hire that many people. I've already been turned down by Piper, GHF, Craig Hallum, Northland, Dougherty. The positions were going to Ivy/Northwestern kids or MBAs. I know RBC has a decent sized research presence in Minneapolis but they only have back office stuff right now. Any thoughts on going back office, getting my CFA and then trying to break in to ER? Or is that a death trap?

 
swan1470:

Yeah, there are a decent number of firms but they just don't hire that many people. I've already been turned down by Piper, GHF, Craig Hallum, Northland, Dougherty. The positions were going to Ivy/Northwestern kids or MBAs. I know RBC has a decent sized research presence in Minneapolis but they only have back office stuff right now. Any thoughts on going back office, getting my CFA and then trying to break in to ER? Or is that a death trap?

Death trap.

Under my tutelage, you will grow from boys to men. From men into gladiators. And from gladiators into SWANSONS.
 

Do you have any time to study for the CFA for December? My firm's ER branch (MM) gives preference to applicants who have already completed Level 1 for their entry Associate position. Having Level 1 done would definitely be a HUGE advantage to you when it comes to recruiting.

 
StryfeDSP:

Do you have any time to study for the CFA for December? My firm's ER branch (MM) gives preference to applicants who have already completed Level 1 for their entry Associate position. Having Level 1 done would definitely be a HUGE advantage to you when it comes to recruiting.

Yeah, I'm sitting for it in December. I would like to work while I get it. Are there any jobs with a chance of leading to ER?

 

I got into sellside ER in a non-traditional way. I worked a year and three months in a niche valuation consulting firm out of undergrad, passed my CFA level 1 exam in December, (taking CFA level 2 exam in a few days) and recently began working at a middle-market investment bank in sellside ER. I had an investment banking internship on my resume (reputable boutique) during college though. I had pretty good stats all around though, 3.5 GPA, west coast target, interest in CFA, leadership/community involvement, etc. I would recommend passing at least level 1 of the CFA exam to demonstrate interest. I think during interviews there were definitely candidates who had better resumes than me, some even with sellside ER experience already, but I had "the story" so to speak. My story was about why I didnt want to do IB and wanted sellside ER and why the industry coverage interested me. January-April is the best time to keep an eye out for postings as associates jump ship after getting their bonuses.

 

Not that I'm the best example, having gone into ER straight out of undergrad, but ER also attracts people from non-finance backgrounds with a deep industry knowledge. For example, many healthcare/medical device/biotech analysts have clinical or academic backgrounds. Even if you put ER on hold for a while and do something else, you can potentially leverage your knowledge of an industry to break in down the line.

PS. Why do you believe you can't "hack it" right out of undergrad? Maybe you should consider doing something to boost your confidence. Your insecurity may be coming through when you're meeting with people.

 

I agree. I am starting to recruit for ER internships now (starting b-school in the fall) and the recruiters/associates i've spoken to always like that I have money in the markets. More then just being something good to tell recruiters, it almost guarantees you will know what is going on in the markets (with your money on the line, you tend to follow the markets much closer).

As far as how to open an account, just pick a discount broker and you can start trading as soon as you fund your account. If you work at a bulge bracket, or any sort of financial services firm currently, you may want to check your firm's employee trading policy. If not, then you can pretty much pick any broker you want. Some brokers have paper trading which allows you to trade with fake money. You may want to do this first just to get a feel for what its like. I know think or swim use to allow paper trading a couple of years ago, but dk if they still do since being bought by TD ameritrade.

 
mbaer2012:
I know think or swim use to allow paper trading a couple of years ago, but dk if they still do since being bought by TD ameritrade.
For the record, they still do; that's what I use.
Currently: future neurologist, current psychotherapist Previously: investor relations (top consulting firm), M&A consulting (Big 4), M&A banking (MM)
 

Optionshouse is extremely cheap in comparison ($4/trade) and allows for a virtual account FYI.

While this may not exponentially increase your odds of getting recruited, I think it does give you an edge and is a bonus point for recruiters in regards of something to talk about and help legitimize your case.

"History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme."
 

My ex-firm used to encourage ER interns to use the investopedia simulation. Practical experience is a big plus. A good friend of mine screwed up an interview with CS because her response to what she does in her spare time revolved around hanging with friends and watching TV. Panel was looking for a weekend activity in trading/stock tracking.

__________
 
SaucyBacon85:
My ex-firm used to encourage ER interns to use the investopedia simulation. Practical experience is a big plus. A good friend of mine screwed up an interview with CS because her response to what she does in her spare time revolved around hanging with friends and watching TV. Panel was looking for a weekend activity in trading/stock tracking.

Really? Admittedly, I am not in ER, but saying that you invest in your free time strikes me as saying your favorite book is The Intelligent Investor. If that's why they rejected her, that is rough.

 

I'm not a fan of using first person in work experience bullet points:

"Frequently engage my curiosity for the equity markets by starting insightful conversations with clients.."

"Taught myself how to use Fidelity’s Active Trader Pro Platform and gained a comprehensive understanding of the online website, which helped me generate the most leads for my team in November"

I also don't like seeing "CFA level 1 candidate". Everyone and their mother is a CFA level 1 candidate. You haven't accomplished anything until you actually passed the first exam.

Lastly, take out all of your personal information.

As for the rest, hopefully someone else will be more helpful.

Under my tutelage, you will grow from boys to men. From men into gladiators. And from gladiators into SWANSONS.
 

Dude, you need to make your resume more anonymous. Get rid your name, school, number, email address and places you worked before and re-up.

Seems a bit cluttered for my test. Use the M&I format Google it. Have you school on top below your name and so forth. Would but all the series you earned in the bottom of the resume.

Also, get rid of "Passed the Series 7 & 63 exams in less than five weeks because of my ability to assimilate new ideas quickly "

 

You occasionally see people come from the industry they cover. For instance, Mike Mayo was a bank examiner before he went into ER, covering banks. Actuaries might cover insurers, biomedical engineers and doctors might cover pharma/biotech, etc.

I think this is more common in more esoteric industries - you don't need to have experience in a consumer goods company to be a good consumer analyst.

newfirstyear:
I lateraled from IB, so did everyone in my office. It's pretty common bro. Similar pay, better hours, closer to the market.

Same here, or rather IB SA w/ return offer to ER FT

 

I know people lateral from IB, I'm sure it's a popular move. I just meant that my question was targeting experiences and thoughts about people lateraling from other industries like commercial banking or corporate finance.

 
gulfcoastbanker:
I know people lateral from IB, I'm sure it's a popular move. I just meant that my question was targeting experiences and thoughts about people lateraling from other industries like commercial banking or corporate finance.

I know a couple people who lateraled from a F100 corporate finance and BB corporate banking into ER... note that these people were constantly plugged into the markets, gained a lot of in-depth industry specific knowledge after 2+ years in their previous jobs, polished up their modeling skills, and then networked their way in.

 

Appreciate all the insight, sounds like in order to be competitive one needs to be very active on their own while not at work. Staying as close as you can to the markets, staying up to date on news affecting your industry, working on modeling skills, and networking. Any ideas on how to polish up on modeling skills on my own time? Thanks

 
gulfcoastbanker:
Appreciate all the insight, sounds like in order to be competitive one needs to be very active on their own while not at work. Staying as close as you can to the markets, staying up to date on news affecting your industry, working on modeling skills, and networking. Any ideas on how to polish up on modeling skills on my own time? Thanks

Well it depends on your current excel and modeling skills/experience ... but Wall Street Prep (WSO) and Breaking into Wall Street (M&I) both offer self study valuation and modeling courses. They can add up to a few hundred dollars so I would do some research before purchasing them. Also, you should definitely be cognizant of the differences between standard banking modeling (firm valuation from the target's/acquirer's point of view) and ER modeling (focuses on equity valuation from the investor's point of view)

 

I work within a Credit Risk at a BB – not IB; we travel around and audit third party vendors for compliance with state, fed (Dodd Frank), investor, etc. guidelines and analyze their policies, procedures and systems/software for gaps and weaknesses via interviews with execs, management, staff, etc. writing summary reports for our execs to determine future work allocations.. Our annual book of work is valued at over 1B or so. My boss asked that I write up a statement describing my career aspirations and what kind of projects, responsibilities, and competencies/skills I should undertake and/or polish in my current role that would aid in transitioning to a different dept./role (trying to get into research). So with that, any suggestions? I have a writing background and really do enjoy peeling back the ‘hood’ to look at how a company operates but just not on the same level as a research analyst would, with the financials being one of the larger puzzle pieces of the companies we don’t normally review..

Also (as part of my career development – my boss is the $hit), I just moved to NYC to be closer to the ‘action,’ business schools, The Street, and wondered if any of you guys get up for dranks outside of the scheduled WO Happy Hour sessions? I’m working in Downtown Brooklyn, Metrotech.

 

I'm not in ER but know a handful of people that are. They all came in from industry, but I'm in an O&G city, and oil is one of those industries where first hand experience will teach you more than an MBA, so I wouldn't automatically assume that's normal.

 

Dumbest mistake prospective ER candidates make is just applying to the BBs, e.g. Barclays, Credit Suisse, etc.

They aren't going to hire you until you have a few years of experience. You need to go small to a boutique, independent research shop, or something along those lines. There really are A LOT of opportunities out there yet candidates lack the ability to find them.

Ergo, my advice - look harder.

Online you need scrutinize every posting on efinancialcareers, recruiting firms, monster, indeed, linkedin, etc. The more time you put in it, the more likely you will find some of the lesser known openings out there.

There's a big need in the ER industry for people who can crunch some numbers and do some research, things you don't need years of experience to do.

Even if you can't find ER any sort of research position is a good experience. There are multitudes of market research firms that can give you some good skills and something to put on your resume. You can even try consulting or capital markets research and put yourself in a good place.

 

Being European, maybe I'll be able to share some experiences with you: - go for rather big firms only. Boutiques and the like won't even bother caring about visas, even if student visas are (basically) free and super flexible - sign up for linkedin and xing, get a premium account for the latter - reach out to Swiss/German/Austrian or maybe other European guys working in the US - reach out to guys in Switzerland/Germany/etc. who have worked in that field in the US, they might have contacts - reach out to guys in Switzerland/Germany/Austria currently working in the field for general networking and future opportunities in Europe. You'll a) need a back-up plan in general and b) assume that you won't be able to make it to the US anytime soon, so even an internship in Zurich or Frankfurt in one, two, three years might be a start - don't even bother contacting anyone in HR in the US. They are useless as sh*t over there. Way way more so than in Europe. - don't make a quick trip to the US. It won't pay. You won't be able to make as many contacts to justify the effort/cost. Don't even think about it - also consider the Big4 for non-ER internships immediately in Switzerland, ideally their advisory stuff. They do international internship programs, allowing you to maybe do an internship (even if it's nothing related to ER) in the US at some point down the road; this way you'll be able to say "hey, I already worked in the US" und might be able to meet some people while you're there, even if it's not until two or three years from now.

 

Thanks for your response! I always considered Big4 as a good starting Point, because they are offering internship to freshmen/first year which Banks dont... So I will apply for various internships at Big4 firms in Germany, because they have more opportunities than in CH...The most interesting internship I ve found is in forensic service (advisory). Do you consider this internship as a good starting point for getting into ER/S&T or should I am in another direction within the advisory stuff? Btw., did you go to WHU? Thx

 

I am not really sure, but I thought banks like socgen have programs for EU students only. I don't know how they work, but maybe you can look outside of switzerland for an internship.

 

I don't know what exactly they do in forensics, but while I guess it's better than no internship at all (forget about finishing your bachelor's as quick as possible - many internships are way better than a quick degree, I didn't realize that until later myself), it doesn't look like it would translate into too much useful for your ER plans. I'd rather get into Valuation & Strategy (or Valuation & Economics, if that's how they call it in Switzerland. I once interned in that team myself in Germany), since you get quite a bunch of modeling and accounting experience there. In general, in Germany (and probably the rest of Europe) valuation is waaaayyy more detailed/sophisticated than in the US.

I didn't go to WHU, but I know a bunch of guys who went there, and they were all happy. My guess would be that WHU and EBS (but please, don't go to EBS) are the top feeders for anythin relating to I-Banking in Germany.

 

I didn't know Switzerland had a negative image in any country. Certainly not in the US and certainly not in the finance world. Not sure where you get this idea, or that it's easy to find a freshman or sophomore finance internship as an American student.

Don't know what it's like in EU but in the US having any serious office type work experience as a Freshman puts you way ahead so you should not be as concerned as your post makes you sound. Any internship at a professional firm will be great for you and you should feel good about doing any work that's above call center as a Freshman.

 

Concerning the Image of Switzerland, see my other post...

That it is easy to find a freshmen internship, I deduce that from several Posts of Monkeys here @WSO. They are saying that they got a PWM internship at this BB, another one there and so on....Maybe I am judging wrong, but I just had the impression that you guys in the U.S have quite more experience in an early level that we got in Switerland....

My concern is just that without any suitable internship after my first year at University I will be down and out to get a FToffer in ER. I am afraid that recruiters are telling me: "well, Mr.Swisschocolate, you ve done a freshmen internship at FirmXY but not related to ER...Therefore, we cant accept you...."

 

Let me give you a direct tip. Email [email protected] and convince him why you would be a good candidate. They are known to hire freshmen and sophomores as interns. They may have something for you, but you may have to consider the cost of coming to the US as I am not sure if this would be paid or not.

I do not know him personally, or have any connections. I know as much as anyone who would visit their Web site.

http://www.grandeurpeakglobal.com/eric-huefner.php

 

@all: Thanks for those Responses and advices! I am glad you had some tips for me!

Concerning the image of Switzerland in the U.S.: it isn`t about the quality of the academical institutions (swiss universities etc...), it is about the politics, the "war" in the tax affair between CH and USA...If you follow swiss medias which are often interviewing american politicians, you will see that the majority of them is quite aggressive towards CH, especially the democrats...They are saying that Switzerland is one of the guilty ones of the financial crisis....

 
Fredbird:

I don't know what exactly they do in forensics, but while I guess it's better than no internship at all (forget about finishing your bachelor's as quick as possible - many internships are way better than a quick degree, I didn't realize that until later myself), it doesn't look like it would translate into too much useful for your ER plans. I'd rather get into Valuation & Strategy (or Valuation & Economics, if that's how they call it in Switzerland. I once interned in that team myself in Germany), since you get quite a bunch of modeling and accounting experience there. In general, in Germany (and probably the rest of Europe) valuation is waaaayyy more detailed/sophisticated than in the US.

I didn't go to WHU, but I know a bunch of guys who went there, and they were all happy. My guess would be that WHU and EBS (but please, don't go to EBS) are the top feeders for anythin relating to I-Banking in Germany.

Me neither, I am also not going to WHU...I just had the Intention that you re studying there.... How hard was it for you to get into that Valuation&Strategy type of internship? Did you have any previous internships on your CV or not? And do you think that a Student with only 2 Semesters can compete against other applicants with more experience?

 

Didn't have any previous internships before (save for meaningless pre-university stuff), but one of the senior managers was a lecturer at my university, so he knew me a bit from class already. Apart from that, I had largely a near-perfect GPA and some experience as a student research assistant going for me. In the phone interview they still grilled me on the technicals, 'though. Also, the other interns in the two teams (they are set up in multiple teams) I was working for seemed to have heavy credentials as well, with 1.x GPAs at their universities. Of the three I met, one now works as an analyst for GS, the other is still in school but afterwards starting with McK, and the third one I don't know what he's doing or going to do, but he got a 790 on the GMAT.

 

I would say a markets role would be preferable as long as it has some fundamental approach. The equity sales option makes the most sense imo. However, have you applied for SA positions? I can confirm BB in London hire most of their ER 1st year analysts from their SA class.

 

Yes i did. I got to to go some assessment days even with important names (not that really mattered Since what i am interested in is the role) but eventually turned down. Fact is the number of incoming interns is low (which i knew) and probably it also weighted the fact that i had a not too important previous work experience (at least compared with some of the guys that were at the assessment day with me) [won't comment on education because we all had top grades from top universities].

 

You've got to focus on networking or transfer. There's no real way around it. I'm from another very non-target school, and I've been trying to network like crazy in order to get an IB SA offer. I've been focusing on a few select groups and banks, got a couple of cold-emailed/cold-called contacts to recommend me, and have landed interviews as a result. The advice I've heard over and over is that the best way to differentiate yourself is to have enough contacts at a firm that'll say, "Yeah, I've talked to him/her and he's cool, we should give him a first round."

I don't think building the model is as important, except for maybe teaching yourself the real details of a model outside of the interview guides. Plus, if your model isn't perfect, and anyone bothers to look at it when reviewing your application, they'll have something else to pick apart.

 
  1. What is everyone's opinion of my chances to "break in" and any suggestions on what I should focus on to further strengthen my profile?

While I'm not everyone, I'd say you have a solid chance to break in. Based solely on the information provided, it appears you hit all the major requirements of doing sell-side associate monkey work (i.e. modelling, understanding accounting, etc.). The only things not directly touched on by your listed experiences are (1) a passion for the markets and (2) writing skills. The latter is fairly technical, so just get good at it. The former however is very much a real thing that you need to structure your story around. In the event you get an interview or even an informational interview, be ready to talk about why public markets and how everything you've done to date helps you in this respect. It also wouldn't hurt to have a few stocks you're ready to pitch even if it's just an informational interview (and this will be absolutely necessary if you get an actual interview)

  1. Any suggestions on banks I should target (small boutiques, mid-market, large or everything!?). I am not in NYC but in large metropolitan area.

Depends how much you make (I can hazard a guess because I also come from Big4), but you might actually be a bit 'expensive' for the much smaller shops. If you're willing to take a bit of a cut to break in though, then apply for everything would be my advice. Otherwise, I think you should have a decent chance of breaking into a mid market firm or even a bulge bracket to be honest.

Best of luck on your search!

 

Thanks for your quick reply.

You say you come from big4 as well. Are you currently in ER and if so do you mind sharing your background and how you made the transition?

Any recommendation on how to improve your technical writing?

If I apply, should I go for an entry level position or do you think I may be able to get in at a more experienced level (still associate of course)?

 
Best Response

I had a far inferior background when I broke into ER (BB no less, though i've since moved to buyside ER). My situation isn't terribly applicable to most people's as I was at the right time, right place, and lady luck decided to smile on me at that exact moment.

Having said that, the fundamental reasons I broke in were that I had the raw skill set as demonstrated by a CPA, excellent writing samples (not stock write ups), high levels of comfort with Excel, and an extreme go-getter attitude. Normally, this would be woefully insufficient, but again, right time right place. In reflecting on my lucky break, the only other piece of advice that comes to mind is that you should not overestimate the competition. Yes, the world is filled with unbelievably talented people who are younger, cheaper, and probably better suited than you for any given role, but if you're willing to put in the leg work to network and demonstrate sincerity, I believe your time will come.

As for technical writing, just write up a few stock reports. If you can get your hands on a few initiation pieces, you'll see the nuts and bolts of how sell side analysts build up an investment thesis. The problem is that those pieces tend to be 20-100+ pages long (yes I've seen initiations that are over 100 pages) and you'll need to fit it in

 
Braininajar:
  1. What is everyone's opinion of my chances to "break in" and any suggestions on what I should focus on to further strengthen my profile?

While I'm not everyone, I'd say you have a solid chance to break in. Based solely on the information provided, it appears you hit all the major requirements of doing sell-side associate monkey work (i.e. modelling, understanding accounting, etc.). The only things not directly touched on by your listed experiences are (1) a passion for the markets and (2) writing skills. The latter is fairly technical, so just get good at it. The former however is very much a real thing that you need to structure your story around. In the event you get an interview or even an informational interview, be ready to talk about why public markets and how everything you've done to date helps you in this respect. It also wouldn't hurt to have a few stocks you're ready to pitch even if it's just an informational interview (and this will be absolutely necessary if you get an actual interview)

  1. Any suggestions on banks I should target (small boutiques, mid-market, large or everything!?). I am not in NYC but in large metropolitan area.

Depends how much you make (I can hazard a guess because I also come from Big4), but you might actually be a bit 'expensive' for the much smaller shops. If you're willing to take a bit of a cut to break in though, then apply for everything would be my advice. Otherwise, I think you should have a decent chance of breaking into a mid market firm or even a bulge bracket to be honest.

Best of luck on your search!

This is great info. The only thing I would emphasize is showing great interest in the market by means of doing your own write-up/building model. If you haven't already start sending out emails now. Your background is solid and I've definitely seen associate positions on LinkedIn where they prefer 2+ years of experience in FO jobs (ie consulting, ER, ib, big4, etc.)

 
What is everyone's opinion of my chances to "break in"

Your profile is competitive enough. You didn't mention the caliber of schools you attended. It would be a lot easier to break in, fair or not, if you went to a well regarded program for either BBA or MS.

suggestions on what I should focus on to further strengthen my profile?

As mentioned above, demonstrate an interest in markets, ideally by running either an actual or paper portfolio. At least follow a few stocks that you have high conviction on, either long or short. Also read investing books and attend local CFA society events and network.

Any suggestions on banks I should target (small boutiques, mid-market, large or everything!?). I am not in NYC but in large metropolitan area.

Apply to everything but your chances are best at smaller shop. Cruise the CFA institute job board for opportunities. As I mentioned, your local CFA society might also have networking events which can be helpful at finding opportunities.

 

What are the possible exit options for someone in equity research?

It has been widely discussed that for IB, exit options are PE, HF, or just staying on in IB. What about exit options for equity research?

 

During my sophomore summer I interned at an extremely reputable DJIA corporation in their financial services arm. Some of my peers in my SA class worked in PWM, ER at a smaller shop, accounting firms, one was in a software company and there was one guy who was a bartender during their sophomore summer. So there really is no set "best internship" out there to land a SA spot in ER.

 

I'm in research but work a lot with those guys. Typically, at least at ours, banks don't have research intern programs. I'm fairly certain GS does but don't quote me on that. However, I would say either work for IB or S&T the bank you'd like to do research for and parlay that into an ER job. Also a lot of asset managers have summer analysts.

Ace all your PE interview questions with the WSO Private Equity Prep Pack: http://www.wallstreetoasis.com/guide/private-equity-interview-prep-questions
 

If they come to your school just talk to hr and say your interested in ER. All BB have ER internship programs and I am sure if they come to your school for banking/s&t they recruit there for research as well. You may not have noticed it because ER intern programs are so small (mine was ~8 in ER and ~20 in research overall).

 

I interviewed for ER summer analyst gigs (I didn't get the gig which blew big time). Anyway, I got the interview (I came from a non-target) through a contact, so I would definitely recommend reaching out to an alumni network because they will be able to help you get an interview.

looking for that pick-me-up to power through an all-nighter?
 

this happens at my target school too. At my school, all the BB recruited for research except UBS, MS (they have an intern program but just doesn't recruit at my school), BARCAP (they only had an intern program for credit research), DB, and Citi. The best thing to do is definitely talk to research or network with people in ST and ask if they have any contacts for research analysts since research works a lot with ST.

But yeah, research is not as big on recruiting because the turnover is not as high as IBD (most people will stay on past 2-3 years), and teams are also not as big (a typical industry team is around 3-4 people; for credit research it's even less with 2 people). Some companies like GS and JP only take 2-3 interns for the whole summer.

Anyways, good luck. and like mentioned before, if you really love research and still can't get in, do IBD in the industry you like and transfer to research after a couple of years. A lot of people in research come from IB backgrounds...

 

my bank does not have a formal ER program for undergrad, although they did take thee undergrads this year (but zero the prior year). i don't know how those kids got the jobs, but i think it was some type of special case type thing (ie. there's some kid who shows an exceptional amount of interest in the firm or possibly the relative of an employee).

there was also an intern who started in s&t and then moved into research after talking to the recruiter after his first rotation. he was the only one out of a humungous pool of s&t undergrad interns to do this though.

 

1 thing: CFA level 1--at least sign up. Everyone else applying will prob have that if not level II knocked out.

Schools have this nice scholarship that is easy to get too that makes it liek $500. All you need is a CFA teacher to sign a letter. After you get that, you can get schweser notes, the $999 package for $250. or the $499 package for like $125 or something.

 

Best way to do it is to talk about experiences working as a lifeguard and responding to medical emergencies. (Sorry, couldn't resist the funny acronym in the title)

In all seriousness, there may be a place for you to go into something like portfolio research if you have a strong math background, which I assume you do since you probably needed it to work in risk management- especially on a very complicated derivative. You'd be looking at sharpe ratios, risk measures, both on the fixed income and equities side and doing some direct work with banks' institutional clients and portfolio managers. There's obviously an intellectual challenge there that would appeal to someone with an interest in equities, but it's not quite equity research. That said, you'd probably have some opportunities to transfer into equity research if some spots opened up. It's a tough job market in finance right now, but it's significantly less difficult to land a more quantitative job. That's where I'd be look.

 

I mean I got an internship with a large buy side firm on a $10B+ fund and they have me covering 3 sectors (all related under a larger sector umbrella) when I had zero experience in the field or in the sectors. You just learn as you go.

I think it helps in some ways if you are technically proficient in the field (we have doctors and biomedical engineering PhDs on our healthcare teams and that seems useful in questioning firms - but we also have competent directors and MDs on the same teams with zero healthcare background).

You have credit analyst experience so you're already accustomed to researching a firm, even if from a different angle. The CFA society is a good idea, although every meeting I've ever been to is LOADED with ops guys and very few Portfolio Management-types (none of the CFAs at my firm who I speak to regularly ever go to them).

Just make sure, if you do land an interview, to have a stock pitch or two in your back pocket (with accompanying write up/report) and be prepared to have it ripped apart.

 

Thank you all for the responses. It seems being aggressive is the best advise one can give a job seeker in this industry.

Regarding this comment by NEIdiot: "Just make sure, if you do land an interview, to have a stock pitch or two in your back pocket (with accompanying write up/report) and be prepared to have it ripped apart."

I have always been interested in how people handle situations when their ideas get torn apart when networking or interviewing. I think we can all learn from others experiences in these situations. I think I will start a new thread on this topic.

Thanks again for all the good advise.

 

Thank you all for the responses. It seems being aggressive is the best advise one can give a job seeker in this industry.

Regarding this comment by NEIdiot: "Just make sure, if you do land an interview, to have a stock pitch or two in your back pocket (with accompanying write up/report) and be prepared to have it ripped apart."

I have always been interested in how people handle situations when their ideas get torn apart when networking or interviewing. I think we can all learn from others experiences in these situations. I think I will start a new thread on this topic.

Thanks again for all the good advise.

 

There is ER OCR at all the usual schools. Interviews are a little different from a technical standpoint than IB. The analyst classes are much smaller than IBD for BB, but there are also dedicated ER firms which have larger classes.

Some hires have F500 industry experience in the spaces they are covering i.e. semiconductors, industrials, etc. I've found that they typically make for the best analysts.

 

Take CFA level 1 in December.

Where is your school? Can you get a part time internship during the school year? Literally anything finance related.

If you want to practice equity research, instead of doing a blog I think you should focus hard on 2 or 3 companies. Get sample reports from a friend with access (or your school library) and model reports off of that. They will probably be terrible but it will show some initiative and you will learn a lot. Don't choose widely held companies and don't talk about a company you researched in interviews if it may be covered by the people you are interviewing with.

Do you have any technical skills/can you learn any technical skills during your senior year? VBA may be useful. Others would need to chime in here for more suggestions.

Full disclaimer: I am not in ER and am simply regurgitating recommendations I have seen repeatedly on the internetz that seem reasonable to me.

P.S. If your "social skills are a bit lacking" this is probably your biggest impediment to getting any type of job. I don't know you personally but it sounds like maybe you need to branch out a bit more. It's your senior year of college- don't waste it by not partying like a rock star. Joining clubs and stuff like that will help you meet people, but it's up to you to get them to like you. Same thing goes for finding a job.

"For I am a sinner in the hands of an angry God. Bloody Mary full of vodka, blessed are you among cocktails. Pray for me now and at the hour of my death, which I hope is soon. Amen."
 

Take CFA level 1 in December.

^^^^

You will not get anywhere in ER from a non-target (or most of the time, target) w/o this. I was in a "research club" and while probably the best EC you can do, the CFA is waayyyy more important. You at least need to say you have signed up -- passing is a whole different story. BTW, there is a scholariship where the exam and study materials altogther will cost you CFA from your school to sign a paper and fax it in.

Need the link?

 

On top of that, taking the CFA really forces you to learn a lot of the material you will be using as an ER associate. Even if it didn't have an effect on your job, it would be a good idea to take it so that you're already getting into the swing of things and the mindset you need to be successful.

I'm a student, that's just the way I look at it.

"You stop being an asshole when it sucks to be you." -IlliniProgrammer "Your grammar made me wish I'd been aborted." -happypantsmcgee
 

And finance degree is probably your best major from a non-target, shows interest in the subject. However, you should take as many acct classes as possible.

"You stop being an asshole when it sucks to be you." -IlliniProgrammer "Your grammar made me wish I'd been aborted." -happypantsmcgee
 

^Is this really necessary? This was a dead topic and you just randomly bump it to insult the OP (I'm guessing because he has non-target in the title). Idiotic posts like this is ruining this forum. I really hope that you're a troll or else I must say that you sir are a tool.

Pretty women make us BUY beer. Ugly women make us DRINK beer.
 

I actually followed your advice and just finished the book. It's a good read, although a lot of the good parts were covered in the recent WSJ front-page article. I can recommend the book to anybody inteested in the industry, especially the first part. The second part is a lot about the causes of the financial crisis, which we have heard before, but he offers his own take. Star ER analysts seem to be motherfuckin ballers! All the bank CEOs know Mike by name (though they fear him). And he is on all the major networks and newspapers. All Paulson wanted for his birthday is a conversation with Mike,... Do associates get ranked in these Ii rankings as well. How long do you have to be in the industry to get ranked?

Edmundo Braverman:
Go read this book right now:

Exile on Wall Street: One Analyst's Fight to Save the Big Banks from Themselves

Mike Mayo is one of the best ER guys the street has ever seen. If you can get through his book and still want to work in ER, then it's definitely for you. It's a great read, but ER is a pretty thankless (if you do it right) or skeevy (if you do it wrong) line of work.

 

On the general state of ER...

ER in general is getting hammered. Middle market firms are being forced to either close down or scale back coverage (Gleacher closed down their entire equity department this summer) and a lot of BB are cutting heads because the revenues for research just aren't there. In my opinion its always been more of a necessity to have research as a complement to other services such as IB, restructuring etc. which is a shame. It's not getting hit as hard as S&T but i would argue that under major banking divisions its certainly #2 or #3 in terms of on the chopping block.

Here's the thing. If you can't spot the sucker in the first half hour at the table, you are the sucker.
 

I can help with question 2 and 6. The others I have a clue, but not the whole picture.

  1. Job likeability a) Do you guys generally like your jobs?

I really love my job. I just got home after working 15 hours and I am thinking of calling a cab and going back. I need to keep energy drinks at the office.

b) How independently do you guys work? I am afraid that I would tend to put more sell ratings out there than acceptable.

As an analyst, VERY independently. As an associate, totally depends on your analyst. From associates I have met though, pretty independently. You know what needs to get done, you do it, and your boss will give you extra projects to do as well.

  1. People What kind of people work in this industry?

Everyone has their quirks, but they are all cool and down to earth. Not as flashy as the Ibankers or traders for sure. Most people love it so they are happy. There is a nerdish social awkward side to most, but many transition to sales. A more logical less emotional bunch.

 

^^^ ehhhh sort of. ER is mostly based on soft dollar compensation. I would guess that lower and lower transaction fees over the past decade would play a larger part in diminishing head count

Here's the thing. If you can't spot the sucker in the first half hour at the table, you are the sucker.
 
bullbythehorns:
^^^ ehhhh sort of. ER is mostly based on soft dollar compensation. I would guess that lower and lower transaction fees over the past decade would play a larger part in diminishing head count
You're right, I just have a raging psychotic hatred for the guy.
Get busy living
 

Edmundo, this is like saying to someone who wants to do trading despite watching Wall Street, that he missed the point. It just means that I found the industry quite fascinating. Mike Mayo clearly loves his job. Sure he got humiliated by Jamie, but Jamie later apologized. The CEO of Citi said in a conference call, that they regret not hiring him. He draws respects from a lot of CEOs. These guys fear him and the investors on the sell-side loved him.

 

What? Business background...?

Can you transform your post into something coherent please?

Under my tutelage, you will grow from boys to men. From men into gladiators. And from gladiators into SWANSONS.
 

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Capitalist
 

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Under my tutelage, you will grow from boys to men. From men into gladiators. And from gladiators into SWANSONS.
 

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Ratione et fugit reprehenderit veniam architecto nihil. Magnam odit quis dolores pariatur officia.

Pariatur omnis quam saepe ut non officiis. Corrupti excepturi enim natus fuga qui. Est quas excepturi aut non. Eum cumque nihil quae ut amet. Numquam sit consequatur vel temporibus enim blanditiis.

 

Quis esse sint optio qui numquam quasi. Qui nihil natus dolores cumque perspiciatis expedita perferendis fugiat. Odio consectetur qui quia tempore sit repellendus ut. Facilis quibusdam minus debitis quia aut accusantium voluptatem laudantium.

Eveniet veniam nemo eaque. Ut repellendus sequi aut ut. Aliquam et quibusdam incidunt illum. Aspernatur architecto repudiandae corrupti sint voluptatibus. Sapiente fugiat et voluptatem explicabo assumenda totam et.

Voluptatibus porro quisquam enim amet repudiandae iusto. Veniam odit minima est voluptates. Tenetur dolor molestiae est. Dicta quaerat qui eum nulla.

Under my tutelage, you will grow from boys to men. From men into gladiators. And from gladiators into SWANSONS.
 

Vel occaecati quod in qui. Sed dignissimos consequatur sint sint vero tempora vel.

Minus facilis ab incidunt nemo. Non debitis quas saepe numquam non. Quod enim velit et aspernatur asperiores quibusdam ducimus sed. Est quia excepturi repudiandae dicta saepe ut. Soluta quia soluta incidunt ratione ut iure quia.

Perferendis et quis aut ullam rerum ipsum mollitia. Eveniet repudiandae ut rerum vel voluptas quia.

Omnis enim velit reiciendis inventore neque maiores voluptatem. Sed modi consectetur dolor vel accusantium. Accusantium ut nisi impedit.

 

Laudantium doloribus facere ea ut illo repudiandae non. Aut ea ex aut quae magnam quia. Voluptas ea hic doloremque fugiat aut modi non fugiat.

Maxime aut magnam magni eligendi id amet laboriosam. Ut et inventore optio temporibus quas repellendus expedita ut. In sed voluptatem dolorum et.

Tenetur saepe numquam ut ullam occaecati totam quia. Et rerum molestias eligendi commodi debitis ea perspiciatis. Unde rerum qui consequatur ad repellat aliquid illo impedit. Perferendis magnam dignissimos qui eum perspiciatis rerum. Quidem numquam voluptates et vel odit rerum sit nemo. Sit odit nulla aut minus.

Career Advancement Opportunities

March 2024 Investment Banking

  • Jefferies & Company 02 99.4%
  • Goldman Sachs 19 98.8%
  • Harris Williams & Co. (++) 98.3%
  • Lazard Freres 02 97.7%
  • JPMorgan Chase 03 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

March 2024 Investment Banking

  • Harris Williams & Co. 18 99.4%
  • JPMorgan Chase 10 98.8%
  • Lazard Freres 05 98.3%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.7%
  • William Blair 03 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

March 2024 Investment Banking

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  • Jefferies & Company 02 98.8%
  • Goldman Sachs 17 98.3%
  • Moelis & Company 07 97.7%
  • JPMorgan Chase 05 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

March 2024 Investment Banking

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  • Vice President (19) $385
  • Associates (86) $261
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (13) $181
  • Intern/Summer Associate (33) $170
  • 2nd Year Analyst (66) $168
  • 1st Year Analyst (202) $159
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (144) $101
notes
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