How big? What industry? How profitable is the company?
Given some of those characteristics you can get to a range. The way you have the question worded now, it's almost impossible to answer with anything that is reasonably accurate
To add to what fryguy22 said, the question is also meaningless without specifying which tranche of debt you're talking about. The risk is very different for a revolver or for a secured term loan at the top of the capital structure, than it is for mezzanine debt.
Margin is largely a product of credit risk. Credit risk varies by underlying business and your position in the debt structure. You've provided no information on any of this.
For reference I am seeing 2.5x/4.0x - 3.0x/5.0x leverage (this means senior/total leverage) for deals with $5 - $15 million of EBITDA lately. Senior pricing has generally been L + 250 - 350. Sub debt has been 10% - 14%. I have seen unitranches at L + 750 - 850. LIBOR floors generally 150.
That makes no sense, Fryguy22 had the right view up top. It is completely dependent on what the industry is, what the financial profile of a company looks like, etc.
For example, your 4.0x-5.0x total debt for something with high capital intensity and cyclicality (think construction materials requiring large scale manufacturing, something like that) would be down in the C's range, aka you would never get it done (since nothing originates at that rating).
On the other end, some sort of consumer staple with a good brand name, low capex and recurring revenue could easily support that debt and rate somewhere up in the BB- area, pricing pretty well inside an LBO. So again, completely dependent on the industry and company profile.
Assuming your comment above was meaning to target B2/B area (typically the lowest rating firms will solve for in order to lever up companies), those rates are too high. Leverage markets are still very hot right now (after softening a bit this summer). The first tranche is probably in the right zip code, maybe slightly high, but second lien you're looking something more in the 9-10% range (all in, OID included), assuming you're putting a decent 35% equity cushion. Maybe a point or two higher if you're between 25-35% (either way 14% is WAY too high). Can't think of a specific example off the top of my head, but I think I read about something on Dealbook with a small company pricing in the ~9% range for second lien, high leverage deal. Read on there in the PE section, you'll find something that should help
Peg it off whatever you want, the principle still applies that the industry and profile of the company are hugely important. The ideas of judging risk for the top of the capital structure don't change because the company is smaller and you're not looking at credit ratings. Things may be shifted, but safer high cash flow companies will always carry more debt and price lower on comparable leverages. Also, my view on rates were based on adding premium for size, last I heard in BBLBO views second liens were in the L+700's range (admittedly that's a bit dated since I haven't looked at one of those in a few months, but markets are very comparable, if not better)
Yea i think the issue here is that you're being a pedant. Dude asked for an approximation of lvg for a US LBO... clearly just trying to get something reasonable to pop into his model.
Thank you though for clarifying that different businesses support different leverage levels. That was very illuminating for everyone
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How big? What industry? How profitable is the company?
Given some of those characteristics you can get to a range. The way you have the question worded now, it's almost impossible to answer with anything that is reasonably accurate
Don't sell yourself short. Round up 100 community banks and do it at L+250
To add to what fryguy22 said, the question is also meaningless without specifying which tranche of debt you're talking about. The risk is very different for a revolver or for a secured term loan at the top of the capital structure, than it is for mezzanine debt.
Margin is largely a product of credit risk. Credit risk varies by underlying business and your position in the debt structure. You've provided no information on any of this.
So, what the hell, LIBOR + 900bps
Everybody above me is an asshole.
For reference I am seeing 2.5x/4.0x - 3.0x/5.0x leverage (this means senior/total leverage) for deals with $5 - $15 million of EBITDA lately. Senior pricing has generally been L + 250 - 350. Sub debt has been 10% - 14%. I have seen unitranches at L + 750 - 850. LIBOR floors generally 150.
Agree with RLC1, I'm seeing similar pricing/leverage trends.
Agree, though I haven't seen sub debt quite that low. Have seen a few deals at L + 200 still, though neither was an LBO.
That makes no sense, Fryguy22 had the right view up top. It is completely dependent on what the industry is, what the financial profile of a company looks like, etc.
For example, your 4.0x-5.0x total debt for something with high capital intensity and cyclicality (think construction materials requiring large scale manufacturing, something like that) would be down in the C's range, aka you would never get it done (since nothing originates at that rating).
On the other end, some sort of consumer staple with a good brand name, low capex and recurring revenue could easily support that debt and rate somewhere up in the BB- area, pricing pretty well inside an LBO. So again, completely dependent on the industry and company profile.
Assuming your comment above was meaning to target B2/B area (typically the lowest rating firms will solve for in order to lever up companies), those rates are too high. Leverage markets are still very hot right now (after softening a bit this summer). The first tranche is probably in the right zip code, maybe slightly high, but second lien you're looking something more in the 9-10% range (all in, OID included), assuming you're putting a decent 35% equity cushion. Maybe a point or two higher if you're between 25-35% (either way 14% is WAY too high). Can't think of a specific example off the top of my head, but I think I read about something on Dealbook with a small company pricing in the ~9% range for second lien, high leverage deal. Read on there in the PE section, you'll find something that should help
We aren't talking bond ratings b/c he was referring to $5-$15mm EBITDA companies (AKA Lower MM). Those are financed with bank debt and sub/mezz.
Peg it off whatever you want, the principle still applies that the industry and profile of the company are hugely important. The ideas of judging risk for the top of the capital structure don't change because the company is smaller and you're not looking at credit ratings. Things may be shifted, but safer high cash flow companies will always carry more debt and price lower on comparable leverages. Also, my view on rates were based on adding premium for size, last I heard in BB LBO views second liens were in the L+700's range (admittedly that's a bit dated since I haven't looked at one of those in a few months, but markets are very comparable, if not better)
Thanks guys! Makes sense that there's no specific range but was good to hear how you guys think about the cost of debt
Yea i think the issue here is that you're being a pedant. Dude asked for an approximation of lvg for a US LBO... clearly just trying to get something reasonable to pop into his model.
Thank you though for clarifying that different businesses support different leverage levels. That was very illuminating for everyone
Ad quia velit repudiandae qui et beatae saepe aut. Cum molestiae totam maiores sequi quis error et officia. Minus consequatur deleniti laboriosam officiis eum. Qui possimus libero doloribus aut necessitatibus. Delectus qui quae magni. Suscipit minus qui maxime ullam ab id est quia. Quo libero occaecati aut excepturi et voluptatem.
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