How is a DCF based on assumptions?

I understand how to walk through a DCF and I know that one of the cons of a DCF is that it is based on assumptions. But what are the assumptions? All of the things you need to find have formulas for example, FCF, WACC, Terminal value, EV. I don't get what is being assumed.

 

Most of the assumptions have to do with the growth of the company. If you are going to calculate FCF for x amount of years into the future, you have to assume revenue and expense growth rates for each of those years. You can use comparable companies or historical trends for those assumptions, but in the end, they are still just assumption.

TL;DR yes, you use assumptions for many of the parts of the formulas you need

 

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