Is it legal for a foreigner to have an English pseudonym on a CV?

So I used to have a name called "Howard" in elementary school, but in college I decided to stick to the name of my nationality since I was worried that one day the documents would get mixed up and have situations where I would have to go to great lengths to prove my identity. In the end I went back to my country where I feel more comfortable(for obvious reasons of race...but maybe not the culture).

Now that I'm thinking about getting jobs abroad(hopefully in Hong Kong where Asians are the majority) or applying to Ph.D programs for that matter, I have created a nickname for my student account, but am I allowed to put "Howard" on my resume/CV as well? Or am I legally bound either in the US or the UK or in Hong Kong to use the name that is on my passport? Incidentally where I come from, changing the English name on the passport is a legal conundrum; unless you have a name that had already been widely used, you can't petition for a change in the name, but at the same time you are not allowed to use any other name that is not on the passport in the case of applications to PhD programs. What about CVs--does the same rule apply, or are companies not strict on that matter as long as you can include your original name somewhere subordinate to the pseudonym of choice(in this case, Howard)? Is there any way that an Asian could get around the problem of facing the discrimination of the name while at the same time not being allowed to freely use an English pseudonym?