Halloween Strategy

Based on the idea that equities perform better from October 31 (Halloween) to May 1

Author: Adin Lykken
Adin Lykken
Adin Lykken
Consulting | Private Equity

Currently, Adin is an associate at Berkshire Partners, an $16B middle-market private equity fund. Prior to joining Berkshire Partners, Adin worked for just over three years at The Boston Consulting Group as an associate and consultant and previously interned for the Federal Reserve Board and the U.S. Senate.

Adin graduated from Yale University, Magna Cum Claude, with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics.

Reviewed By: Kevin Henderson
Kevin Henderson
Kevin Henderson
Private Equity | Corporate Finance

Kevin is currently the Head of Execution and a Vice President at Ion Pacific, a merchant bank and asset manager based Hong Kong that invests in the technology sector globally. Prior to joining Ion Pacific, Kevin was a Vice President at Accordion Partners, a consulting firm that works with management teams at portfolio companies of leading private equity firms.

Previously, he was an Associate in the Power, Energy, and Infrastructure Investment Banking group at Lazard in New York where he completed numerous M&A transactions and advised corporate clients on a range of financial and strategic issues. Kevin began his career in corporate finance roles at Enbridge Inc. in Canada. During his time at Enbridge Kevin worked across the finance function gaining experience in treasury, corporate planning, and investor relations.

Kevin holds an MBA from Harvard Business School, a Bachelor of Commerce Degree from Queen's University and is a CFA Charterholder.

Last Updated:November 6, 2023

What Is the Halloween Strategy?

A market timing approach known as the Halloween strategy, Halloween effect, or Halloween indication is based on the idea that equities perform better from October 31 (Halloween) to May 1 than they do from the start of May to the end of October. 

According to the method, it is recommended to invest in equities in November, keep them through the winter, and then sell them in April. From May through October, you should invest in other asset classes. Some proponents of this strategy advise against investing at all in the summer.

Contrary to the buy-and-hold approach, which allows investors to ride out market downturns and make longer-term investments, the notion that investors can time the market in this way is unfounded. The better outcomes appear to run counter to the idea that stocks act fully arbitrarily and against the efficient market concept.

The recommendation to sell in May and leave is strongly similar to the Halloween tactic. It is important to remember that this tactic has been used in some form for a very long time.

Over the last two centuries, the maxim frequently used in the financial media has also been used, and its lengthier version is like this: "Sell in May, leave away, come again, St. Leger Day."

Many people think the idea of selling stocks in May each year originated in Britain when the privileged class would leave London and travel to their country estates for the summer, mainly disregarding their investment portfolios, until coming back in September. 

According to those who hold this belief, it is normal for salespeople, traders, brokers, equities analysts, and other members of the investing industry to retreat to sanctuaries like the Hamptons in New York, Nantucket in Massachusetts, and its counterparts abroad during the summer months.

Origin of the Halloween Strategy

This tactic first appeared in London, England, in the 16th century. The adage "sell in May and go away" was regularly used in British newspapers. It gained popularity among individual investors in the 1980s after The Wall Street Journal published an article on the British stock market.

The phrase implied that May marks the beginning of a bear market and that investors should liquidate their positions and keep cash instead.

Michael O'Higgins and John Downes published "Beating the Dow" in 1990. The investing strategy book made the Halloween indicator popular and drew on the British proverb "sell in May and go away." 

O'Higgins and Downes advised investors to enter the stock market on October 31 and leave the market on April 30 in their book.

In a study titled "The Halloween Indicator," written by Sven Bouman and Ben Jacobsen and published in the American Economic Review, they particularly examined market performance from November through April. 

According to their observations, a stock investor who used this strategy to be fully invested for one six-month period and out of the market for the other six months of the year would theoretically benefit from the best annual return but with only half the exposure of a stock investor who invests in stocks year-round.

Performance of the Halloween Strategy

There is proof of the Halloween tactic that should be taken into account. The Halloween strategy's central tenet—that investors have seen more financial gains from November through April than during any other time of the year—seems to have held mostly true for the previous fifty years, according to historical stock returns.

©IG.com 

The findings also indicate that a May selling strategy may outperform the market more than 80% of the time when utilized over a five-year horizon and more than 90% of the time when used over a ten-year horizon.

Halloween Strategy FAQs

Researched and authored by Tanay Gehi | Linkedin

Reviewed and edited by James Fazeli-Sinaki | LinkedIn

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