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Wall Street Oasis » Blogs » Addinator's blog
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Ratings Agencies in the Spotlight Again
 

Addinator's picture
Addinator
      ST
 
 
(Senior Gorilla, 936
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 10:43am
5d8f28a6-52ed-11df-813e-00144feab49a.img

I know this topic is a few days old, but it is still fresh in my mind. As everyone has seen, the US is now suing S&P

The U.S. government is expected to file civil charges against Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, alleging that it improperly gave high ratings to mortgage debt that later plunged in value and helped fuel the 2008 financial crisis.
The charges would mark the first enforcement action the government has taken against a major rating agency involving the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.
S&P said Monday that the Justice Department had informed the rating agency that it intends to file a civil lawsuit focusing on S&P's ratings of mortgage debt in 2007.

Fine. You've sued all the banks and about everyone else, I guess it is time to move on to the ratings agencies as they sure as hell dropped the ball on this. I'm still waiting on them to sue pension fund managers, hedge fund managers etc as well but hey, why not go for the obvious scapegoats. Then I read this.

A federal lawsuit would "disregard" the fact that S&P reviewed the same data on risky mortgages as U.S. government officials, who said publicly in 2007 that the problems in the subprime mortgage market appeared to be limited, the company said in a statement.

Are. You. Kidding. Me. Really? This is what it has come to? We aren't even glossing over the fact we are trying to scapegoat them, we are actually coming out and saying it in plain sight. Yeah, the geniuses running the country, the Fed and the Treasury all missed it with your same data but yet we are still going to civilly sue you over it. That's just priceless.

Look, I'm not trying to say that the ratings agencies weren't derelict or didn't do a shitty job but I still maintain that it is the responsibility of the clowns who buy the stuff, the end consumers of it, to do their due diligence. To come back and sue over this is absolutely ridiculous. Thrown in the fact that the government is only suing the one ratings agency that had the stones to downgrade them (egan jones not-withstanding). This is just obnoxious. Anyway, that's enough of that.

Also, an interesting article for those interested in the tax implications of getting divorced courtesy of the journal.

What do you guys think? Are you just jaded of the entire thing, or is this a rightful lawsuit towards those who actually failed us during the crisis?

Contact: [email protected] See my other blog posts
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Tags:
  • woop
  • Ratings Agencies
  • Divorce

Comments

Bearearns's picture

Lots of people missed and

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 12:49pm

Lots of people missed and there were conflict of interests but at end of day it is the buyer who is responsible. It is why there is buy and sell side. Like if I bought Apple based on some analysts recommendation for it to hit $1,000 can i sue them for now having me 30% in the red? It is the exact same thing. That said S&P has had a lto of recent screwups as evidence by them pulling CMBS ratings etc. Targeted for wrong reasons by public.

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UFOinsider's picture

Addinator: S&P reviewed the

UFOinsider
      O
 
(Human, 10,349
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 2:10pm
Addinator:

S&P reviewed the same data on risky mortgages as U.S. government officials, who

....were relying on the judgement of S&P for guidance. S&P then took this approval as a sign of their own credibility, and a self fulfilling circular reference became untethered from reality.

The way I see things, responsibility for the financial crisis is everyone's. The banks overleveraging on low quality loans, consumers taking on too much debt, the government juicing the system with low interest rates and a crusade to turn everyone into a homeowner, builders overbuilding, speculators....literally everyone. The last government administration will be judged rather harshly for using low interest rates to juice the housing market to keep the economy roaring after 911 and the dot com bust. The best we're going to get as far as punishment for the government is a different administration: this one. You can judge if that's sufficient or not for yourself.

The credit ratings agencies are the ones that were supposed to know better though. I lay the harshest criticism on them. I'm glad they're finally answering for their actions, it seems they took their duties for granted, as well as their privelages.

BTW: told y'all last year that the gov't would crucify S&P for fucking with them.

YOU JUST GOT TROLLED
http://www.troll.me/images/red-foreman322/dont-you...

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UFOinsider's picture

Bearearns: at end of day it

UFOinsider
      O
 
(Human, 10,349
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 2:16pm
Bearearns:

at end of day it is the buyer who is responsible

I'm under the impression that everyone is required to be responsible. Due diligence is one thing (not saying it was or wasn't done...) but sniffing out fraud is another. If an error is made in disclosure it's one thing, but concealing fraud will take precedence as an offence compared to negligence on the part of the recieving party: in simple language, just because a buyer didn't do enough good due diligence doesn't excuse fraud.

The dangerous part of this is that S&P's freedom of speech is not going to be unchallenged anymore, and they will likely be held to more stingent account, meaning they are going to become much more cautious with their appraisals. Maybe a good thing, but it's not going to help the economy. Something like this should have been done 3 or 4 years ago, not now, it's just going to keep adding drag to what slow recover there is, and this is a blunder on the Obama adminstration's part.

In reality, the gov't is going to have a VERY hard time proving that S&P did anything fraudulent because I don't think most staff actually were committing fraud: they just let their standards slip as they lost sight of the big picture. More likely, the gov't will demand a different compensation arrangement for the ratings agencies when they realize that the problem wasn't one particular firm, it was systemic. I still give the odds at 80% that the gov't will extort some money out of S&P, but I find it unlikely that they're going to find the smoking gun they're looking for.

YOU JUST GOT TROLLED
http://www.troll.me/images/red-foreman322/dont-you...

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Bearearns's picture

UFOinsider: Bearearns: at

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 2:29pm
UFOinsider:
Bearearns:

at end of day it is the buyer who is responsible

I'm under the impression that everyone is required to be responsible. Due diligence is one thing (not saying it was or wasn't done...) but sniffing out fraud is another. If an error is made in disclosure it's one thing, but concealing fraud will take precedence as an offence compared to negligence on the part of the recieving party: in simple language, just because a buyer didn't do enough good due diligence doesn't excuse fraud.

The dangerous part of this is that S&P's freedom of speech is not going to be unchallenged anymore, and they will likely be held to more stingent account, meaning they are going to become much more cautious with their appraisals. Maybe a good thing, but it's not going to help the economy. Something like this should have been done 3 or 4 years ago, not now, it's just going to keep adding drag to what slow recover there is, and this is a blunder on the Obama adminstration's part.

In reality, the gov't is going to have a VERY hard time proving that S&P did anything fraudulent because I don't think most staff actually were committing fraud: they just let their standards slip as they lost sight of the big picture. More likely, the gov't will demand a different compensation arrangement for the ratings agencies when they realize that the problem wasn't one particular firm, it was systemic. I still give the odds at 80% that the gov't will extort some money out of S&P, but I find it unlikely that they're going to find the smoking gun they're looking for.

They will search emails and find something likely, but not enough maybe....

I say it is the buyer who is responsible because it is their mandates that change things. If they want change they can easily get it, but if they dont they do nothing. The game wont change unless the buyer changes it. The "broken" model wont change unless buyers pay for ratings to get rid of conflict of interest. It wont change until they open their own mandates for all rating agencies allowing more competition in the space. The sad thing is that it won't ever change unless industry becomes nationalized after another blow up or somehow deals get rotated between agencies with nobody getting more or less (essentially destroying capitalism in the area).

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UFOinsider's picture

Bearearns: The "broken" model

UFOinsider
      O
 
(Human, 10,349
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 2:46pm
Bearearns:

The "broken" model wont change unless buyers pay for ratings to get rid of conflict of interest.

This is pretty fucking brilliant, I wonder why ratings agencies haven't done this yet?

YOU JUST GOT TROLLED
http://www.troll.me/images/red-foreman322/dont-you...

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UFOinsider's picture

ghandi: UFOinsider: Beare

UFOinsider
      O
 
(Human, 10,349
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 3:13pm
ghandi:
UFOinsider:
Bearearns:

The "broken" model wont change unless buyers pay for ratings to get rid of conflict of interest.

This is pretty fucking brilliant, I wonder why ratings agencies haven't done this yet?

thats dumb as shit, you think that never came across S&P's mind? think about the tug of war on both sides they have to deal with given your business model, it wouldn't take a financial crisis for people to see they are really just a 2.4 billion loaded dice

S&P is doing research on institutions, why are the results of their work free?

YOU JUST GOT TROLLED
http://www.troll.me/images/red-foreman322/dont-you...

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Bearearns's picture

ghandi: UFOinsider: Beare

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 3:35pm
ghandi:
UFOinsider:
Bearearns:

The "broken" model wont change unless buyers pay for ratings to get rid of conflict of interest.

This is pretty fucking brilliant, I wonder why ratings agencies haven't done this yet?

thats dumb as shit, you think that never came across S&P's mind? think about the tug of war on both sides they have to deal with given your business model, it wouldn't take a financial crisis for people to see they are really just a 2.4 billion loaded dice

Investors pay model doesnt work because investors wont pay for it (Structured guys are cheaper than equity I guess). If they wont pay you cant run a business without receiving money and investors aren't paying out of pocket

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Bearearns's picture

UFOinsider: Bearearns: The

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 3:36pm
UFOinsider:
Bearearns:

The "broken" model wont change unless buyers pay for ratings to get rid of conflict of interest.

This is pretty fucking brilliant, I wonder why ratings agencies haven't done this yet?

Not a good business model because investors wont pay for ratings. Rating Agencies have tried and failed because investors wont pay. You cant run business without revenue.

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orangejulius's picture

rating agencies only exist

orangejulius
      CF
 
(Senior Baboon, 237
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 8:03pm

rating agencies only exist because lazy institutional investors are not willing to do the credit analysis. every bank has their own credit department and rating agencies are ignored. if institutional investors would spend a few more minutes to perform due diligence on what they're buying this would eliminate the need for rating agencies.

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Bearearns's picture

orangejulius: rating agencies

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 9:10pm
orangejulius:

rating agencies only exist because lazy institutional investors are not willing to do the credit analysis. every bank has their own credit department and rating agencies are ignored. if institutional investors would spend a few more minutes to perform due diligence on what they're buying this would eliminate the need for rating agencies.

You realize they exist so that deals can be priced and sold to investors....... You think investors would buy stuff from the issuers if they put the value of the deals. Hey by the way this deal is all AAA and so is everything else I issue. Jesus that would be horrible. They are there to help with the initial pricing of the deal and provide infomation on deal.

That is like having an firm IPOing and determining their own market cap and nobody gets to do any dilligence on what they say their market cap should be

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UFOinsider's picture

Based on this discussion so

UFOinsider
      O
 
(Human, 10,349
 
Points)
 on 2/8/13 at 10:47pm

Based on this discussion so far, I gather that some possible options are
1. Nationalizing ratings agencies, or creating gov't agencies that perform the function
2. Eliminating ratings agencies entirely and pushing the whole task onto institutional investors
3. Charging for results

These options are quesionable at best. The whole "let the markets come up with a solution" won't fly given that the gov't put up a trillion+ of its own cash and isn't going to let this die. Does the ratings agencies being audited by the gov't seem feasible? Realistically, they're supposed to perform an important function and they fucked up when that function actually mattered most. Anyone can rate J&J at AAA, that's a no brainer and my goldfish guessed that one right, but rating (hyperbole) Magnetar's NuclearHolocaustZtrancheBuySideGenocide at AAA seems kind of asinine. Either they gave the ratings banks wanted to turn a buck or they just guestimated wrong, but either way they suck at life.

Any other ideas?

Sorry to harp on this, this is very interesting to me and I really do appreciate every argument/fact. From my point of view the ratings agencies were supposed to be the gatekeepers. Getting something wrong by a few points is part of life, but saying they didn't realize an entire segment of a market was a decade long bubble is kind of like saying "OMG LOL I never would have guessed that Lance Armstrong was on the drugs!?" I don't buy it.

And much more to the point, I'm curious to see if we can, between us all, figure out what's going to happen ahead of time.

YOU JUST GOT TROLLED
http://www.troll.me/images/red-foreman322/dont-you...

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orangejulius's picture

Bearearns: orangejulius: ra

orangejulius
      CF
 
(Senior Baboon, 237
 
Points)
 on 2/9/13 at 9:56am
Bearearns:
orangejulius:

rating agencies only exist because lazy institutional investors are not willing to do the credit analysis. every bank has their own credit department and rating agencies are ignored. if institutional investors would spend a few more minutes to perform due diligence on what they're buying this would eliminate the need for rating agencies.

You realize they exist so that deals can be priced and sold to investors....... You think investors would buy stuff from the issuers if they put the value of the deals. Hey by the way this deal is all AAA and so is everything else I issue. Jesus that would be horrible. They are there to help with the initial pricing of the deal and provide infomation on deal.

That is like having an firm IPOing and determining their own market cap and nobody gets to do any dilligence on what they say their market cap should be

as someone who worked at a rating agency and now works on the sell side i can tell you that rating agencies have very little to no impact on structuring and pricing. banks have their own internal credit teams and they will structure and price using internal ratings accordingly.

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Bearearns's picture

orangejulius: Bearearns:

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/9/13 at 12:56pm
orangejulius:
Bearearns:
orangejulius:

rating agencies only exist because lazy institutional investors are not willing to do the credit analysis. every bank has their own credit department and rating agencies are ignored. if institutional investors would spend a few more minutes to perform due diligence on what they're buying this would eliminate the need for rating agencies.

You realize they exist so that deals can be priced and sold to investors....... You think investors would buy stuff from the issuers if they put the value of the deals. Hey by the way this deal is all AAA and so is everything else I issue. Jesus that would be horrible. They are there to help with the initial pricing of the deal and provide infomation on deal.

That is like having an firm IPOing and determining their own market cap and nobody gets to do any dilligence on what they say their market cap should be

as someone who worked at a rating agency and now works on the sell side i can tell you that rating agencies have very little to no impact on structuring and pricing. banks have their own internal credit teams and they will structure and price using internal ratings accordingly.

Then you must have been oblivious to the process. The so called feedback from the rating agency to the bank determines how where the deal gets priced and structured. How do you think the different parties that make up the pool get paid? That is why rating agency valuations matter and then gets priced back into the whole process to determine what each respective party of pool gets.

Yes banks do have internal credit teams etc, but if they cant get rating agencies to agree on how they want to price it doesnt happen. If rating agencies agree (sign off on levels)... (which is why there are sometimes split ratings between rating agencies) then they go ahead with the price structure. If a bank says lowest part of deal gets tranched at AA and rating agencies say BBB, it doesnt get done all at AA because every investor would look at the bank and say WTF I am not buying that.

I will agree that banks control the process etc. but it only happens because rating agencies agree. If rating agencies disagree then it does not happen because it raises red flags to investors etcs whom banks are trying to sell deal to

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orangejulius's picture

Bearearns: orangejulius:

orangejulius
      CF
 
(Senior Baboon, 237
 
Points)
 on 2/9/13 at 1:16pm
Bearearns:
orangejulius:
Bearearns:
orangejulius:

rating agencies only exist because lazy institutional investors are not willing to do the credit analysis. every bank has their own credit department and rating agencies are ignored. if institutional investors would spend a few more minutes to perform due diligence on what they're buying this would eliminate the need for rating agencies.

You realize they exist so that deals can be priced and sold to investors....... You think investors would buy stuff from the issuers if they put the value of the deals. Hey by the way this deal is all AAA and so is everything else I issue. Jesus that would be horrible. They are there to help with the initial pricing of the deal and provide infomation on deal.

That is like having an firm IPOing and determining their own market cap and nobody gets to do any dilligence on what they say their market cap should be

as someone who worked at a rating agency and now works on the sell side i can tell you that rating agencies have very little to no impact on structuring and pricing. banks have their own internal credit teams and they will structure and price using internal ratings accordingly.

Then you must have been oblivious to the process. The so called feedback from the rating agency to the bank determines how where the deal gets priced and structured. How do you think the different parties that make up the pool get paid? That is why rating agency valuations matter and then gets priced back into the whole process to determine what each respective party of pool gets.

Yes banks do have internal credit teams etc, but if they cant get rating agencies to agree on how they want to price it doesnt happen. If rating agencies agree (sign off on levels)... (which is why there are sometimes split ratings between rating agencies) then they go ahead with the price structure. If a bank says lowest part of deal gets tranched at AA and rating agencies say BBB, it doesnt get done all at AA because every investor would look at the bank and say WTF I am not buying that.

I will agree that banks control the process etc. but it only happens because rating agencies agree. If rating agencies disagree then it does not happen because it raises red flags to investors etcs whom banks are trying to sell deal to

You can continue telling urself that ur job working at a rating agency (which based off your defensiveness seems like the case) is valuable. But in reality it is not and u will remain the ridicule of the entire finance community. Good luck.

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Bearearns's picture

orangejulius: Bearearns:

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/9/13 at 5:27pm
orangejulius:
Bearearns:
orangejulius:
Bearearns:
orangejulius:

rating agencies only exist because lazy institutional investors are not willing to do the credit analysis. every bank has their own credit department and rating agencies are ignored. if institutional investors would spend a few more minutes to perform due diligence on what they're buying this would eliminate the need for rating agencies.

You realize they exist so that deals can be priced and sold to investors....... You think investors would buy stuff from the issuers if they put the value of the deals. Hey by the way this deal is all AAA and so is everything else I issue. Jesus that would be horrible. They are there to help with the initial pricing of the deal and provide infomation on deal.

That is like having an firm IPOing and determining their own market cap and nobody gets to do any dilligence on what they say their market cap should be

as someone who worked at a rating agency and now works on the sell side i can tell you that rating agencies have very little to no impact on structuring and pricing. banks have their own internal credit teams and they will structure and price using internal ratings accordingly.

Then you must have been oblivious to the process. The so called feedback from the rating agency to the bank determines how where the deal gets priced and structured. How do you think the different parties that make up the pool get paid? That is why rating agency valuations matter and then gets priced back into the whole process to determine what each respective party of pool gets.

Yes banks do have internal credit teams etc, but if they cant get rating agencies to agree on how they want to price it doesnt happen. If rating agencies agree (sign off on levels)... (which is why there are sometimes split ratings between rating agencies) then they go ahead with the price structure. If a bank says lowest part of deal gets tranched at AA and rating agencies say BBB, it doesnt get done all at AA because every investor would look at the bank and say WTF I am not buying that.

I will agree that banks control the process etc. but it only happens because rating agencies agree. If rating agencies disagree then it does not happen because it raises red flags to investors etcs whom banks are trying to sell deal to

You can continue telling urself that ur job working at a rating agency (which based off your defensiveness seems like the case) is valuable. But in reality it is not and u will remain the ridicule of the entire finance community. Good luck.

I work for neither a bank nor a rating agency although I did use to work for the former. It is no secret that the entire business relationship between a bank and rating agency is full of conflict of interests that make you take three looks and then a fourth to say how is it possible. I am just stating facts. The fact of the matter is that if humans didnt learn their lesson from 2007, they are certainly a ticking time bomb to learn the same lesson again.

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UFOinsider's picture

Bearearns: if humans didnt

UFOinsider
      O
 
(Human, 10,349
 
Points)
 on 2/9/13 at 11:31pm
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YOU JUST GOT TROLLED
http://www.troll.me/images/red-foreman322/dont-you...

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Bearearns's picture

UFOinsider: Bearearns: if

Bearearns
     
 
(Orangutan, 275
 
Points)
 on 2/11/13 at 5:13am
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Web Site Security Rules. Users are prohibited from violating or attempting to violate the security of the Web Site, including, without limitation, (a) accessing data not intended for such user or logging into a server or account which the user is not authorized to access, (b) attempting to probe, scan or test the vulnerability of a system or network or to breach security or authentication measures without proper authorization, (c) attempting to interfere with service to any user, host or network, including, without limitation, via means of submitting a virus to the Web Site, overloading, "flooding", "spamming", "mailbombing" or "crashing", (d) sending unsolicited e-mail, including promotions and/or advertising of products or services, or (e) forging any TCP/IP packet header or any part of the header information in any e-mail. Violations of system or network security may result in civil or criminal liability. The Company will investigate occurrences which may involve such violations and may involve, and cooperate with, law enforcement authorities in prosecuting users who are involved in such violations.

Specific Prohibited Uses.

The Company specifically prohibits any use of the Web Site, and all users agree not to use the Web Site, for any of the following:

  • Posting any incomplete, false or inaccurate biographical information or information which is not your own accurate resume
  • Using any device, software or routine to interfere or attempt to interfere with the proper working of this Web Site or any activity being conducted on this site.
  • Taking any action which imposes an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on this Web Site?s infrastructure.
  • If you have a password allowing access to a non-public area of this Web Site, disclosing to or sharing your password with any third parties or using your password for any unauthorized purpose.
  • Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, using or attempting to use any engine, software, tool, agent or other device or mechanism (including without limitation browsers, spiders, robots, avatars or intelligent agents) to navigate or search this Web Site other than the search engine and search agents available from the Company on this Web Site and other than generally available third party web browsers (e.g., Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Explorer).
  • Attempting to decipher, decompile, disassemble or reverse engineer any of the software comprising or in any way making up a part of the Web Site.
  • Aggregating, copying or duplicating in any manner any of the materials or information available from the Web Site.
  • Framing of or linking to any of the materials or information available from the Web Site.

User Information.

When you register for the Web Site, you will be asked to provide the Company with certain information including, without limitation, a valid email address (your "Information"). In addition to the terms and conditions that may be set forth in any privacy policy on this Web Site, you understand and agree that the Company may disclose to third parties, on an anonymous basis, certain aggregate information contained in your registration application. The Company reserves the right to offer third party services and products to you based on the preferences that you identify in your registration and at any time thereafter; such offers may be made by the Company or by third parties. Please see the Company's Privacy Policy below for further details regarding your Information.

Registration and Password.

You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your information and password. You shall be responsible for all uses of your registration, whether or not authorized by you. You agree to immediately notify the Company of any unauthorized use of your registration or password.

The Company's Liability.

As a condition to your use of this site, you release the Company (and our agents and employees) from claims, demands and damages (actual and consequential, direct and indirect) of every kind and nature, known and unknown, suspected and unsuspected, disclosed and undisclosed, arising out of or in any way connected with such disputes. If you are a California resident, you waive California Civil Code d1542, which says: "A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the debtor."

We are under no legal obligation to, and generally do not, control the information provided by other users which is made available through the Web Site. By its very nature, other people?s information may be offensive, harmful or inaccurate, and in some cases will be mislabeled or deceptively labeled. We expect that you will use caution and common sense when using this Web Site.

The Material may contain inaccuracies or typographical errors. The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Web Site or the Material. The use of the Web Site and the Material is at your own risk. Changes are periodically made to the Web Site and may be made at any time.

You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the content and accuracy of any resume or material contained therein placed by you on the Web Site and you agree to let any users that are identified as recruiters (designated in the sole discretion of the Company) to have access to your resume.

The Company is not to be considered to be an employer with respect to your use of the Web Site and the Company shall not be responsible for any employment decisions, for whatever reason made, made by any entity posting jobs on the Web Site.

THE COMPANY DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE WEB SITE WILL OPERATE ERROR-FREE OR THAT THE WEB SITE AND ITS SERVER ARE FREE OF COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL MECHANISMS. IF YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITE OR THE MATERIAL RESULTS IN THE NEED FOR SERVICING OR REPLACING EQUIPMENT OR DATA, THE COMPANY IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THOSE COSTS.

THE WEB SITE AND MATERIAL ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND. THE COMPANY, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. THE COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTIES ABOUT THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, OR TIMELINESS OF THE MATERIAL, SERVICES, SOFTWARE, TEXT, GRAPHICS, AND LINKS.

Disclaimer of Consequential Damages.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COMPANY, ITS SUPPLIERS, OR ANY THIRD PARTIES MENTIONED ON THE WEB SITE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INCIDENTAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS, OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOST DATA OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) RESULTING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE WEB SITE AND THE MATERIAL, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE COMPANY IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Links to Other Sites.

The Web Site may contain links to third party web sites. These links are provided solely as a convenience to you and not as an endorsement by the Company of the contents on such third-party Web sites. The Company is not responsible for the content of linked third-party sites and does not make any representations regarding the content or accuracy of materials on such third party Web sites. If you decide to access linked third party Web sites, you do so at your own risk.

No Resale or Unauthorized Commercial Use.

You agree not to resell or assign your rights or obligations under these Term of Use. You also agree not to make any unauthorized commercial use of the Web Site.

Limitation of Liability.

The aggregate liability for the Company to you for all claims arising from the use of the Materials is limited to $1.

Termination.

The Company reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to pursue all of its legal remedies, including but not limited to immediate termination of your registration with or ability to access the Web Site and/or any other service provided to you by the Company, upon any breach by you of these Terms and Conditions or if the Company is unable to verify or authenticate any information you submit to the Web Site registration with or ability to access the Web Site.

Indemnity.

You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Company, its officers, directors, employees and agents, from and against any claims, actions or demands, including without limitation reasonable legal and accounting fees, alleging or resulting from your use of the Material or your breach of the terms of these Terms and Conditions. The Company shall provide notice to you promptly of any such claim, suit, or proceeding and shall assist you, at your expense, in defending any such claim, suit or proceeding.

General.

The Company makes no claims that the Materials may be lawfully viewed or downloaded outside of the United States. Access to the Materials may not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries. If you access the Web Site from outside of the United States, you do so at your own risk and are responsible for compliance with the laws of your jurisdiction. These Terms and conditions are governed by the internal substantive laws of the State of New York, without respect to its conflict of laws principles. Jurisdiction for any claims arising under this agreement shall lie exclusively with the state or federal courts within New York, New York. If any provision of these Terms and Conditions are found to be invalid by any court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of these Terms and Conditions, which shall remain in full force and effect. No waiver of any term of these Terms and Conditions shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or any other term. Except as expressly provided in additional terms of use for areas of the Web Site a particular "Legal Notice," or Software License or Material on particular Web pages, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and the Company with respect to the use of Web Site. No changes to these Terms and Conditions shall be made except by a revised posting on this page.

PRIVACY POLICY

The Company recognizes that you are concerned about privacy. We are committed to preserving your privacy and safeguarding your sensitive information. The following statement describes the general information-gathering and usage practices of our sites.

Our staff, contractors, Internet service providers and others involved in this site follow this policy or similarly strict policies regarding your Information.

Disclosure

The Company is committed to fully disclosing our policies regarding the collection, use, maintenance, disclosure and security of personal information obtained from users of our site. The term "personal information" includes a name, address, email address, or any other information which could be used to contact you directly or to identify you personally.

Use and Disclosure Limitations

The Company only uses personal information about its Web site users for specific purposes. We do not share user information with third parties except when we have told users about the disclosures, when we have prior consent, or when required by law.

Use Policy: When the Company gathers personal information from users, we ask for permission first. We also disclose, at the time of collection, how the information will be used by us. Personal information is used for activities such as auto-completion of commonly-used forms and helping us contact you when you solicit information from us.

Disclosure Policy: We do not normally disclose personal information to anyone outside of the Company unless we have previously informed users about the disclosures. However, some data may be used from time to time by outside contractors, including auditors or consultants, to assist us in carrying out necessary financial or operational activities. These uses will be consistent with this privacy policy and all contractors using this potential personal information must agree to safeguard it, to use it only for the authorized purpose, and to return it or destroy it upon completion of the activity.

The Company might be required to disclose personal information in response to a valid legal process such as a subpoena, search warrant or court order.

Although unlikely, it is possible that we may have to make certain disclosures to ensure the security of our Web site, to protect its integrity, or to take precautions against potential liability. In any of these situations, we will take any reasonable steps to limit the scope of the data disclosed.

Web Logs: The Company maintains standard Web logs that record basic information about visitors to our Web site. These logs contain: * The Internet domain from which you came to our Web site. * Your IP address. An IP address is a series of numbers which uniquely identifies your connection to the Internet. Although it is possible in some instances, certain types of IP addresses may be used by interested persons to identify users but we do not attempt to identify users in this way. * The type of browser (e.g., Internet Explorer or Netscape) and operating system (e.g., Windows 98) you use. * The date and time you visited the site, and the pages you saw.

We use Web log information to design our Web site, identify popular features, and in similar ways. We do not try to identify individuals from Web logs or to link Web logs to other user information. However, if someone tries to damage our Web site or use it in an unauthorized or illegal way, we may share Web log information with law enforcement agencies. The Company may provide aggregate information such as the number of users who visit particular pages of the site, or the number of people who link to certain external sites from our site, to other parties.

Changes to Privacy Policy

The Company's features and services will change over time and our information-gathering practices and policies may also change.

While our philosophy of protecting user information from inappropriate uses and disclosures will not change, this policy will be updated occasionally to include any change that materially affects the collection, maintenance, use, or disclosure of personal information.

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