Corporate Finance/Strategy jobs with great repuations?

I think people here are giving perhaps slightly misleading advice. If you work in a corporate strategy or corporate development function for a major firm, the work you will do as a junior is going to be quite similar to the analyst/associate work you'd do within an investment bank or consultancy. While Disney might be a good training ground, I think you'd be better off starting at MBB and then lateraling.

As you get to be a bit more senior (engagement manager level or higher), I would strongly consider working for a smaller company where you are really leading corporate strategy initiatives. You don't get to be the CEO of anything by working your way slowly up the corp dev hierarchy at a large company. It's quite rare for corporate development execs at F100 companies to step into C-suite roles because they have little operating experience.

If I could go back a few years in my career, I would have more actively sought out a mid-sized company that had recently been acquired by a PE fund or perhaps looked ripe for PE investment, and I would have approached the CEO about working with them on corporate strategy issues. A lot of those firms don't have any strategy or M&A staff whatsoever. And they don't want to pay for MBB to help them or for GS to run their deals, so you'd have a lot of autonomy in actually building a business, which is FAR more valuable than the small(ish) contributions you'd get to make in a large, well-established corp dev team.

In terms of exit opps, the story you get to tell about driving a firm's strategy, dealing directly with board members and investors, and really owning the results of decisions made within the firm is much more compelling than saying, "I worked on XYZ project, where I was responsible for the analysis." In general, the more layers there are between you at the CEO, the more irrelevant your contribution.