Most academic style of investing that requires the most thought?

I have a good friend who was a Princeton physics major, and then enrolled in a combined masters/PhD program at Stanford to continue to pursue physics.  About two years into that program he came to the conclusion that although he was a literal genius/rocket scientist, the other handful of candidates in the program were well beyond his capabilities.  He was ultimately hired by a BB to manage risk for collateralized securities and has since earned his way up to Director level.  I say all of this because what you're going through isn't unique or unheard of.

You need to look at the different aspects of 'investing' or 'banking' and determine what you enjoy most.  Do you want to continue solving difficult math problems? Do you want to be in a position to interact with people? Do you you want to be working with clients? Are you comfortable on the phone/Zoom presenting ideas? Depending on how you answer those questions different roles and responsibilities will become apparent. There is always something like the GS Special Situations group where you can apply your math skills to banking problems, but that group needs to be hiring. You could look at value investing roles with hedge funds, but you'll need to be able to read and understand financial statements, research reports and other analysis. You could even look at traditional investing roles at places like P72, Citadel, Bridgewater, etc. but they are going to weigh your math/computational skills along with your finance skills.  Consider all of that and feel free to come back with any questions/follow-up.