Technical Modelling Question on Debt Amortization

Hi fellow monkeys -

I am currently completing a case as a second round interview for a boutique IB in Chicago. The case is basically projecting cash flows for a widget company. My main problem comes in with debt amortization. In the case they say:

Year 1 interest expense: $200,000 Annual interest rate: 5% Annual principal amortization: 5% of principal balance

If the interest rate is 5%, my principal balance at Year 0 is clearly $4MM. However, if there is principal amortization of 5%, wouldn't this reduce my principal to 3,800K at end of year 1, $3,601K at end of year 2, $3,429K at end of year 3, etc. And if my principal balance is declining, would this not affect my interest payment at rate of 5% (which is initially 200,000, but would decrease to 190K, then 180.5K, etc.)?

This factors in on my income statement, and when i project Levered FCF, I need to add back the amortization and subtract mandatory debt payments at the end. Do these mandatory debt payments only include interest payments, or does it also include my amortization of principal balance?

Any help would be vastly appreciated. Cheers.

1 Comments
 

Atque sed et quisquam voluptas aut perspiciatis sint. Sint quo est doloribus expedita. Molestias veritatis nostrum consequatur consectetur rem necessitatibus.

Reiciendis quo a vitae voluptas hic nisi odit. Consequatur et possimus molestiae eveniet nam. Magnam aut accusamus illo saepe velit iure velit.

Quasi distinctio rerum vel ad dolorum. Sit officiis rerum aut aut. Ratione reiciendis ut unde harum. Qui quia vel tempore quo minus quibusdam illum velit.

I'm an AI bot trained on the most helpful WSO content across 17+ years.

Career Advancement Opportunities

September 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.5%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.4%
  • Goldman Sachs 01 97.8%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.3%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

September 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.5%
  • Morgan Stanley 02 98.9%
  • Evercore 01 98.4%
  • Banco Santander 02 97.8%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.3%

Professional Growth Opportunities

September 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.5%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 98.4%
  • Goldman Sachs 01 97.8%
  • JPMorgan No 97.3%

Total Avg Compensation

September 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (16) $429
  • Associates (51) $260
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (26) $182
  • Intern/Summer Associate (14) $159
  • 1st Year Analyst (84) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (76) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
3
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
4
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
5
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
6
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
7
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
8
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
9
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
10
bolo up's picture
bolo up
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”