David and Goliath: The Boutique and The Bulge Bracket

Mod Note (Andy) - #TBT Throwback Thursday - this was originally posted on 10/11/13 and is great information for those thinking about which types of banks to apply to for FT and SA positions.

Autumn has arrived. For those seniors fresh off their summer analyst stint or juniors gearing up for recruiting, October means something more: you need to decide where you want to work. The easiest way to categorize banks is either as a “bulge bracket” or “boutique.”

We all know the bulge bracket firms, so historically, “boutique” referred to any firm that was listed literally outside the bracket. Regardless of boom or bust, pre-crisis or post-crisis, inevitably the biggest rainmakers in the business are always tempted to jump (a sinking) ship and hang their own shingle.

Schwarzman and Peterson in 1985, Moelis in 2007, Altman in 1996, Zukin in 1972, Aryeh Bourkoff just last year, or Dean + Bradley + Osborne last year as well … if they feel they don’t get enough control or compensation at their current firm, the big boys will take their ball and leave. This has given us firms like Blackstone, Moelis, Evercore, Houlihan Lokey, LionTree, DBO, Greenhill, Centerview, and the like.

Most of these names are on front-page deals, going out and competing with giants like GS, MS, and JPM for the top advisory mandates. They’re winning, too. Whereas the giants used to dominate the advisory landscape, they often sell their financing capabilities most heavily now. The boutiques operate on a pure-play advisory model, getting paid for their expertise rather than an ability to offer staple financing.

In recent years, however, most of the boutiques listed above have grown so large that ‘boutique’ is no longer an applicable term. Evercore, for instance, now has over 950 employees. Blackstone launched its LBO arm two years after opening as an advisory boutique, and today grosses nearly 90% of its revenue from businesses other than advisory. Moelis has over a dozen offices globally and 600 employees.

In response, WSO seems to have coined the acronym “EB,” short for ‘elite boutique.’ I’m not a huge fan and much prefer what I heard one of the group heads at Evercore say: “independent advisory firm.” This is a great way to delineate firms of this caliber from the true boutique, a small shop with anywhere from 10-100 employees and much lower quality and volume of dealflow.

Semantics aside, it’s clear that there are really three buckets a firm can fall into:

  • bulge bracket (the nine established firms we know)
  • elite boutique
  • boutique

In recruiting, people always gravitate towards the best-known firms. It seems to me that most people take a fairly scattershot approach. They want to get paid a lot now and a lot in the future, and the way to achieve that is to get a top banking job, leading to a great exit, leading to great business school chances, leading to overall greatness. It’s a lamentably short-sighted and linear mindset.

In terms of exits, people know who the heavy-hitters are. GS TMT, MS M&A, GS FIG, Blackstone M&A and Restructuring … these groups and a dozen others always pop up in any discussion of top groups and exit opportunities. Few people, however, seem to put real thought into whether a boutique or a bulge bracket firm is better for them, and to me, that’s a tremendous shame.

As an analyst, here are the things that matter to you:

  • Work-life balance: this refers to how many hours of the 168 in each week you spend in the office
  • Culture: often (wrongly) used interchangeably with the above, this refers to how people treat each other, the 'work environment'
  • Placement: how well the group recruits for buy-side positions
  • Pay: salary is very standardized at the junior levels (some outliers exist), but bonus varies between firms (and groups occasionally)

The importance of each of those elements may vary from person to person. The guy who thinks of himself as a career banker is going to care more about culture and pay than the guy who only envisions himself enduring banking for two years before taking a job with twice the pay and an entirely different working environment. Let’s go through each of these elements individually.

Pay

In general, a bulge bracket is going to compensate you less than a top boutique. Let’s talk numbers. Centerview, for instance, has numbers right now like $80k base, $50k signing, and $100k+ bonus. Moelis pays similar base, $20k signing (may be corrected on this), and bonus matching or exceeding salary as well. Evercore is $75k base, $25k signing, and bonus at or near salary also.

Bulge brackets have very standardized compensation schemes. Analyst base is $70k. Signing bonus is $15k. Bonuses don't match salary like they do at the boutiques.

Again, examples. I have friends at JPM who were grousing over $35k and $45k (different groups) during bonus season. Same at MS. And let's not forget the classic 'GS discount' where they know you'll stick around for the brand and can afford to pay you less. Summers at GS don't get overtime. Signing bonuses are still low.

Work-life balance / Culture

I will explain these two together, because as you will see, they are intertwined (though not the same). There is a stigma that boutiques are sweatshops. While this may be accurate for certain firms, I do not think it holds true in aggregate.

Bulge brackets are big, bureaucratic, stodgy, inefficient machines. Pre-crisis, MS had 60,000 employees globally. GS had 30,000.

Boutiques have smaller analyst classes. That is both good and bad. You may wind up with a stronger analyst experience: more closed deals, better client exposure, and better exposure to your seniors leads to better placement. The downside, however, is that you can be worked harder.

That doesn’t mean you won’t get worked hard at a top group at a bulge bracket. An inefficient staffer or poor process management by the seniors on your deals can mean you have a far worse time than your friend at a boutique who simply has fewer analysts to share the workload with.

Banking is banking. Seniors have packed schedules. Calls, meetings, conferences, speaking engagements, travel between cities, recruiting initiatives, internal talent development initiatives, and the like are all demands on their time. All of this means that you as an analyst are forced to spend a lot of time waiting for them to give you your work.

As always, an example (again, firsthand).

You receive a new staffing. The associate emails everyone on the team to schedule a late morning meeting. A VP leads that meeting, filling you and the associate in on what the MD shared with him before flying out to the West Coast for the next couple days. The VP sketches out a few directions for the slides and walks out the door. The associate spends 10 minutes with you going over it in greater detail, and you mentally dedicate 3 hours of your day to this task.
.

Back at your desk, your inbox is pretty full and you spend 90 minutes on small things before getting started on your new work. You send the associate your slides at 4pm. He replies with minor comments (if you’re lucky) at 4:45. You make the changes immediately, but he doesn’t see the email until 5:45. Since he is jammed, he passes them up to your VP without looking.

Your VP responds at 8:30 with comments exactly the opposite of your associate’s, so you copy slides from your earlier version and send them back. At 10:15, you see your VP walking out of the office with his bag. You glance at your inbox and see an email where he’s passed the deck up to the MD.

Your MD doesn’t respond until 4am Eastern. His comments are extensive, and the email reply is “Pls fix as directed, huge meeting 1st thing at 8AM, need this rdy to go. Thx.” You finish making the changes at 7am (you’re tired and slow, you only got 4 hours of sleep the night before) and head home to pass out.

Your work phone and personal cell start violently screaming at 9:45; your MD woke up at 6:15 Pacific, had a new idea for one of the appendix slides, and wants it changed before the meeting. You flip open your laptop, make the tiny change, submit the deck to your West Coast office’s production team before 10am (knowing they'll curse your existence for giving them only an hour before the meeting), and pass back out.

Your phones start screaming again. You glance at your clock and it says 10:30am. There’s a fire drill for another one of your projects; 40 minutes later you are back in the office in front of your screens, and you can’t remember showering, shaving, or the cab ride in between.

This is why culture is so critical. The nature of this job is unavoidable. At a shop with a healthy culture, however, people notice when this happens and proactively minimize the pain wherever they can. Communication is crisper, directions provided are more thorough and clear, useless series of back and forth revisions are minimized, and analysts who are getting crushed get positive recognition for their contribution and given a break to recuperate.

This is where the boutiques win. Every bank loves to preach about their “flat hierarchy” and “open-door policy,” but in reality, that is rare. You’re more likely to find it at the boutiques. Specific groups within bulge brackets may be like this, but given how impossible it is to control your placement, it really does not make sense to roll the dice hoping you get the one group with a healthy culture out of twelve at that firm.

Placement

People here love to refer to 10xleverage’s thread on his experience at MS M&A and KKR. That is a phenomenal resource in terms of insight on his responsibilities and career advancement, but let me highlight how dated it is.

I can tell you firsthand that GS TMT's placement (though strong) is not as godly as people on this forum make it out to be. From the summer 2012 class, I can say for a fact only 7 of the 12 summers who received offers returned. One left for a startup, one went to McKinsey, two went to Blackstone (different areas), and I’m not privy to what the final one did.

Within GS, FIG and CRG have arguably outdone it in the past two cycles. CRG takes fewer analysts, roughly 12 a year, so them putting 3-4 analysts in MFs each year is noteworthy. The FIG analyst class is north of 20 each year. Exits from FIG are more to HF than those from TMT.

BX R&R and M&A place lights-out. I happily refer to this thread and can confirm that placement as well.

Lazard as a whole gets great headhunter love and buy-side placement; Restructuring especially so. Evercore places analysts into MFs routinely. Greenhill has put a few analysts into MFs in recent years and places into excellent MM firms routinely. Moelis recruits extraordinarily well (especially into HF) out of both the LA and NYC offices. A huge selling point with them is that seniors will go strongly to bat for you, calling people they know at your target firms.

In short, I'd argue that we're seeing a real trend where the top candidates elect for the top boutiques. In this post-crisis world, you are going to get paid better, treated better, see better deals (in some cases), and enjoy better exits from the strongest boutiques than the strongest groups at the bulge brackets. Couple that with the fact that you can't guarantee placement into those strongest groups at the big banks, and it's easy to see why the best guys go for BX, Moelis, Lazard, and Evercore where they know they don't have to worry about getting into M&A (MS), TMT or FIG (GS), or M&A or Sponsors (JPM and CS).

Takeaway

Have an idea of where you’d like to be in the future, then make your present selection based on that information.

Now, as a reality check, realize that getting a job at any of these groups is a tremendous feat. The amount of entitlement on these forums either nauseates me or makes me laugh and shake my head depending on my mood. You'll be in the top 1% of all college graduates in terms of earnings and set for a career where it only gets better.

Obviously, human nature is to always want more and thus we continually strive for the next thing better on our imaginary little checklist, but some perspective is definitely in order. I hope we can all step back to take a moment to reflect on how privileged we are for the seats we have.

The arbitrary lists and static rankings people continually make on this site grow very stale and tiresome. Most are clearly derived from some (admittedly studious) trolling of countless WSO threads, but that's exactly the problem. CS Sponsors hasn't been “good” in 5 years, but there are a dozen threads from 2006-09 talking about how strong it is and how great the exits are, so it features prominently in most people’s lists.

The MS M&A/KKR guy's post is also dated, and doubly so. For one, it's from years ago, and secondly, his perspective is also dated because he was 2-4 years out from his analyst experience when he wrote it.

The people who talk in terms of 'bucketing' have it right, and even then, it's still arbitrary. I've met people at funds everyone here would give their left arm to work at who came recently from (the horror!) Jefferies, BAML, UBS, and other firms that continually get dumped on here.

In this industry, people care about your intelligence and competence. The firm you start at is certainly a good indicator of those traits, but they really are determined in an interview.

In summary, if you have the chance to work at any of these firms, congrats. You're on the path. If you’re a junior and looking for a summer job, you have months to make all these determinations for yourself. If you're facing final deadlines as a senior and choosing between them, I'd recommend putting some actual energy into reaching out and getting in front of or on the phone with people who currently work at or recently left the places you're considering.

They'll be able to provide you real, concrete, actual info on placement, pay, and culture ... and that's remarkably more useful than coming on here to hear the same drivel regurgitated by people whose only impressions are formed by what they themselves have read here.

This is my first entry as a contributing author. I know it is quite lengthy, but I hope it is equally helpful. Please give me feedback, either privately or as a public reply. I intend to put out 1-3 pieces weekly in the future.

 

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"For all the tribulations in our lives, for all the troubles that remain in the world, the decline of violence is an accomplishment we can savor, and an impetus to cherish the forces of civilization and enlightenment that made it possible."
 

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I am permanently behind on PMs, it's not personal.
 

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"Come at me, bro"- José de Palafox y Melci
 

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I am permanently behind on PMs, it's not personal.
 

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I am permanently behind on PMs, it's not personal.
 

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I am permanently behind on PMs, it's not personal.
 

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Progress is impossible without change...
 

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There is a WILL, there is a WAY.
 

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Est ea itaque dolor magni adipisci architecto. Quisquam doloremque dolorem magni rem qui quae. Laudantium sit omnis fuga veritatis quibusdam.

Cum quaerat qui ipsam exercitationem sed. Voluptatem non sed delectus magni quidem. Non quis ducimus neque praesentium odit.

Debitis minima incidunt dolores et suscipit pariatur. Et sit suscipit omnis voluptatem. Est aliquam dolor incidunt suscipit iste.

Magni ex qui natus cupiditate enim. Et magni eveniet harum sit. Velit temporibus est quidem omnis. Laboriosam eveniet sit debitis magnam totam sequi et.

if you like it then you shoulda put a banana on it
 

Quas iste magnam necessitatibus et autem iste porro. Quae blanditiis sed est architecto qui minima iste. Accusamus earum hic ea quisquam enim laboriosam dolor. Nihil deleniti eligendi veritatis quo sit.

Voluptas et sit quibusdam est et. Quo et sed ut laudantium modi. Deserunt at nemo delectus fugiat.

Quam hic quae repellat debitis sit quos fugiat qui. Aut rerum pariatur minima rerum. Amet illo veniam itaque sequi libero est minus tempore. Et unde blanditiis exercitationem quaerat. Recusandae quo et et repellendus. Dolores iusto sunt quia et. Reprehenderit omnis nulla consequatur autem suscipit.

Aut ut et sed recusandae at. Pariatur vel quibusdam corrupti quo sunt. Maxime nihil ut cumque quo qui ea quod cum. Illum veniam aut non enim error est quisquam qui.

 

Ut quisquam minus magni adipisci. Voluptas voluptatem laudantium est provident laudantium et. Quia voluptate sit expedita voluptas qui dicta quia quibusdam.

Fugit error aut molestiae quia beatae officia. Ut corporis vero quia.

Sit quidem vel esse quam. Qui aperiam magni doloribus esse aperiam ipsum.

Consequatur numquam dolor ut. Molestiae officia voluptates velit.

if you like it then you shoulda put a banana on it
 

Et voluptatum dolor nihil amet. Consequatur et quia iure repellendus. Sed architecto voluptatem necessitatibus aperiam. Voluptate ea odit similique quidem iusto sunt. Aperiam eos qui et velit.

Alias pariatur est deserunt nisi nihil. Quos ut at doloremque delectus quae et. Quibusdam sunt harum ut ipsa sed aut.

Harum temporibus libero nam sed omnis. Dolore qui aut dolorum in et unde sunt unde. Accusantium ipsum pariatur vitae numquam.

Doloremque ex reprehenderit ipsum voluptas sit dolor. Et eos omnis non quam laudantium nihil non. Praesentium sint non architecto voluptatem qui praesentium.

if you like it then you shoulda put a banana on it
 

Voluptatum porro hic maiores itaque et. Dolorem qui laborum sit consequatur quos sint fugit harum. Laudantium rerum sit cum nihil delectus earum. Aut quos eaque eaque neque.

Recusandae quo voluptatem iste itaque error fuga. Accusantium dicta quia reprehenderit labore sint. Fugit quo in sed aperiam quaerat non.

Molestiae quis sit eveniet quis sunt nisi. Unde sit aut dolorem corporis ut non vero. Debitis suscipit nam illo autem pariatur est tempora.

Et tenetur adipisci fuga est assumenda tempora. Autem sit placeat sit sit rem ut. Animi necessitatibus tempora aliquam et et autem odio. Mollitia sed qui et. Dolorum aut ut sed qui incidunt voluptates. Eligendi non asperiores quis consequatur ducimus ut.

 

Rem veniam sed numquam aut iusto nesciunt. Molestias voluptatem et et totam corrupti eos inventore. Et assumenda aliquam voluptatem est sit. Laboriosam consectetur sed suscipit facilis fugiat voluptate ut.

Illo expedita est dolor. Nisi enim recusandae ducimus cumque consequatur quaerat est. Harum tenetur velit qui aliquam ex. Esse ullam placeat id sed. Ea eveniet sequi quas vel consectetur unde minus. Magni dolores in commodi ut.

Molestias voluptas blanditiis pariatur eaque molestiae blanditiis nihil. Fugiat sint est sequi. Expedita doloribus voluptatem dicta. Dolore eos itaque ut excepturi explicabo dolorem aut. Ipsa enim consequatur officia sit qui perferendis.

Sit dolorum alias tenetur quas. Dolores quam amet porro fuga dolores ipsa.

 

Alias voluptatem sit nisi unde nobis corporis sint. Atque repellat omnis est quasi. Aliquid assumenda adipisci et sunt aut accusamus. Ipsa et voluptatem illo ipsam. Quia enim eligendi qui. Temporibus ipsa possimus saepe accusamus corporis ea.

Neque vero quo voluptatum nobis sint animi dolor. Magnam ut est porro commodi nam amet esse optio. Voluptas sit fuga nihil quod. Repudiandae vel officiis placeat eligendi animi.

Et doloribus quo quisquam aliquam. Amet dolorem quisquam porro voluptatem omnis accusamus.

 

Et deserunt minus praesentium autem facilis id. Modi corporis ut facilis voluptas possimus. Id rerum a earum neque. Ea neque quis facere a a porro odit. Nam qui eos blanditiis qui. Harum consectetur est ut est a.

Aliquam exercitationem et unde odit eligendi nulla. Porro odit quia nesciunt commodi eos temporibus et. Dolorum est neque beatae quo quos inventore. Qui nobis blanditiis voluptatem omnis beatae fuga. Quos et sed non omnis est suscipit ut earum.

Dolorem fugiat non dolor voluptatum doloribus. Nihil ea atque eum consequuntur numquam id quod. Tenetur accusantium repudiandae vel tempore. Velit nostrum eius quos repellat dicta.

 

Illo tempora eveniet tenetur eum qui repellendus nostrum. Dignissimos ducimus qui id odit. Ratione sit qui et alias cum.

Et dignissimos est consequatur tenetur dolor est. Enim saepe veritatis quasi perspiciatis cum. Omnis dicta soluta id.

Sapiente placeat debitis vel. Tempora autem reiciendis libero cumque omnis minima recusandae. Dolores sit voluptatem amet voluptas sit. Asperiores laudantium aut dignissimos eligendi autem odit.

Possimus et ex est dicta. Ducimus occaecati occaecati a tempora sit ullam. Et qui quo ut officiis repellendus similique. Et est asperiores minima quidem. Et ut sequi et velit. Labore esse accusantium aut omnis inventore. Nihil voluptatem voluptates inventore temporibus libero.

 

Commodi modi qui necessitatibus soluta magnam molestiae dicta sint. Earum nobis et quasi ab cumque quas blanditiis ut. Dolor velit qui accusantium. Repudiandae minus molestias voluptatibus nostrum fugiat aut dolores. Ipsum nesciunt sint nam commodi qui. Cum blanditiis harum quis ut. Ullam non nostrum in quis id qui doloremque.

Et occaecati officia qui unde amet. Facilis similique ab ullam nihil. Doloribus sapiente cupiditate ea nam illum sequi. Doloribus maiores eum illum tempora.

 

Aut cum repudiandae est iure. Corporis deleniti consequuntur est iusto ea doloremque consequatur. Nostrum aspernatur necessitatibus possimus voluptatem et aut et. Quia quo nulla est earum itaque. Omnis alias sunt itaque eveniet. Tenetur ipsa nihil nemo commodi.

Sapiente rerum illo sit. Perspiciatis temporibus earum voluptate debitis blanditiis. A qui blanditiis earum ipsam fuga vitae iure. Voluptatum assumenda quidem laudantium ullam. Nesciunt reprehenderit fuga exercitationem non totam. At voluptas quidem odio ut.

Officia culpa ab quisquam quasi voluptatem perspiciatis quidem. Neque eos sit reprehenderit optio minima. Cumque saepe reprehenderit dignissimos quaerat adipisci veniam perspiciatis.

"Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the face."
 

Cumque sit totam et voluptas quam accusamus est. Totam maiores inventore ex et provident non et. Autem qui nisi molestiae quo omnis earum ut. Qui magni corrupti sunt corrupti nihil reprehenderit et.

Facilis delectus sapiente dolorem magnam ad. Voluptatem autem sunt quisquam pariatur. Voluptas ut commodi nam exercitationem repudiandae. Aut nobis consequatur suscipit doloribus eaque magni illum. Esse minus voluptatem et accusantium repellendus aliquam.

Id libero suscipit qui doloribus non autem dicta. Sint possimus tenetur consequatur explicabo consequatur dolorem laborum aut. Tenetur dolores sint animi ab aut asperiores debitis.

Et ipsa eos veniam et repellat. Et id est aliquam et accusantium est a unde. Natus quas consequatur ipsam aperiam. Debitis dolores ipsam quasi sunt et nisi. Error et mollitia dolores animi accusamus. Accusamus rerum quasi similique libero occaecati ut atque.

Greed is Good!
 

Nemo ullam aut dolorem aperiam ut reprehenderit. Velit quod exercitationem nemo id doloribus velit numquam. Doloribus eos nesciunt commodi autem itaque. Quae ea culpa nihil perspiciatis voluptatibus voluptatem quas.

Doloribus et in voluptas sint. Blanditiis aut beatae neque soluta est. Fugiat inventore officia est doloribus eos maxime. Nam temporibus quia quia.

Enim sint tenetur dolor doloribus. Sapiente repellendus ea possimus qui. Aperiam quo id molestias sed voluptates non aspernatur quod.

Accusamus sed voluptatem incidunt sed nam. Distinctio odio consequuntur quos sit. Impedit explicabo ratione praesentium possimus suscipit.

“Millionaires don't use astrology, billionaires do”
 

Aspernatur suscipit fuga rerum iusto. Recusandae nostrum et quam provident. Dolorem iusto commodi minima et velit perferendis atque.

Commodi quia est nulla sit. Natus vitae ipsum nulla hic ut unde.

Corrupti quisquam ut est sit ullam perferendis molestiae. Aut itaque dignissimos omnis omnis dolorem est enim. Doloribus in debitis distinctio corrupti dignissimos. Ipsam sapiente placeat dolorem expedita deleniti eius.

 

Nemo eum esse quibusdam dolorem et et. Odio eaque adipisci et nobis in. Veniam minus nihil eum facere. Quam explicabo soluta veritatis est quos. Magnam pariatur sint consectetur qui recusandae tempora.

Ipsa et ea deserunt dolorem. Aut omnis et consectetur maxime pariatur velit inventore molestiae. Quo qui nihil vel qui alias sint.

Molestias est quibusdam aut. Doloremque aut dicta possimus dolorum soluta. Vel praesentium numquam et reiciendis voluptas dolorem. Similique exercitationem non et assumenda nam.

Quia maxime placeat voluptatibus veniam qui ut deleniti. Repellat officia expedita ut aut suscipit illo voluptatem culpa. Veniam totam consequatur molestias velit illum consequatur quo. At molestiae quas provident temporibus accusamus laudantium sequi possimus.

 

Non veniam et non quasi velit fugit. In laborum ducimus repellat et temporibus vel autem ad. Ipsam et aut laborum qui at.

Exercitationem quis et repellendus consequatur. Distinctio omnis rerum quo culpa explicabo possimus quia.

Nam ipsam dignissimos aut soluta quis soluta a. Unde optio odio possimus asperiores. Enim incidunt praesentium sed pariatur.

Blanditiis qui autem repudiandae quia consequatur esse. Autem quia quidem suscipit velit culpa voluptatibus. Assumenda perferendis dolor perferendis eius ut quis ut. Laudantium sunt soluta animi eligendi rerum repellendus quia. Nihil optio dicta soluta facilis error. Hic occaecati dicta ut.

 

Dolorem sunt qui enim et. Sequi repellat eos sit hic.

Odit odit nemo enim omnis. Tempora qui molestiae nam et. Nisi perferendis vitae laudantium officiis molestiae nobis eligendi. Natus ut ullam inventore voluptatem neque veniam omnis aut.

Quisquam molestiae sunt reprehenderit maxime. Quo sit voluptatum voluptatem cumque distinctio non aspernatur dolorum. Blanditiis deleniti aut ut velit quidem repellat ut voluptates. Dolorem quo mollitia aliquid itaque ipsam. Aut deleniti laudantium a unde.

Et laudantium vitae excepturi debitis cum quibusdam quibusdam qui. Ut a nulla fugit aut doloribus aperiam. Voluptates in eos sit et quia quia. Doloribus reiciendis molestiae optio sit optio. Qui necessitatibus vitae consectetur error esse accusantium.

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