GAAP Accounting Question

Since Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders Equity
What would cause a company to have negative book value(share holders equity)? If a company issues debt, this increases the liabilities side as well as the asset side by the same proportion. So how can negative book value ever be the case?

Could it be that if a company reports negative earnings(net income) for a year this reduces shareholders equity by reducing retained earnings... but shouldn't the balance sheet also drop by the same amount t equalize? Under what scenario can a company have negative book value? I would appreciate any insight. Thank you!!

2 Comments
 

Asset impairments. You finance the purchase of something, say a whole bunch of subprime mortgage bonds, and their fair value gets marked down. You now have assets worth less than liabilities incurred to obtain them. Book value is now negative. Market equity is a different story.

A leveraged recapitalization would do it too. You borrow a lot of money and pay it out to shareholders as a dividend. You have no more assets than you did, but your liabilities are now larger. Book equity is the plug and thus becomes negative.

All we need to do is show a little class, a little sophistication, and we’re in like a dirty shirt.
 
Best Response

Dicta id officiis quod explicabo dolore numquam. Animi vel officiis mollitia non quaerat omnis hic. Consequatur tenetur dolor fugiat.

Career Advancement Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.3%
  • Guggenheim Partners 01 97.7%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Morgan Stanley 02 98.8%
  • Evercore 01 98.3%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.7%
  • Banco Santander 01 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 06 98.3%
  • Goldman Sachs 01 97.7%
  • JPMorgan No 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (15) $434
  • Associates (44) $258
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (22) $179
  • Intern/Summer Associate (13) $156
  • 1st Year Analyst (79) $150
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (73) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
3
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
4
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
5
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
6
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
7
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
8
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
9
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
10
bolo up's picture
bolo up
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”