Multifamily Accounts Receivable

This might be a dumb question. But if you are looking at a deal, how do you translate the snapshot of the accounts receivable report into your pro forma underwriting?

More specifically, say a property has really high bad debt write offs in the T-12, but the accounts receivable report shows most people are current with only a couple 60 or 90+. Would you assume the issue has been cleaned up and more normal bad debt going forward? Or do you think about it differently?

thanks in advance

7 Comments
 

Depends on the asset.  Also, you ask why the bad debt was so high.  Most of the time, in my experience, the honest answer would be "because we're getting ready to market a building and don't want to show massive economic vacancy." 

Maybe there is a good reason; maybe the owners did a huge rehab job, and forgave a lot of past due rent to convince tenants to leave their leases early so they could do the in-unit work.  A lot of our buildings saw abnormally high arrears during COVID; if a major local employer just shut down and lots of people lost their job, or a similar one off event (like COVID) that might be leading to distress.

There isn't really a rule of thumb but the high likelihood is that if you've got a clean arrears report but a troubling T-12, the answer is that the seller is fudging their numbers.

 
Most Helpful

The agencies are likely going to just use the T12 bad debt figure. Unless the aged receivables report is now sparkling, then it’s possible to get them away from the T12 figure. Conversely, my understanding is they won’t penalize you beyond the T12 figure too much as long as the A/R report isn’t a total nightmare plus an ugly T3/T1 trend on the statement. 
 

I mention the above because, to answer your question, you have to consider the agencies’ approach in today’s world. However, for sake of discussion let’s put them aside.
 

When I look at an A/R report I’m considering several things:

  • The date of the report. This is key as I’m always focused on the delinquent renters that are 30-days+ delinquent, but at the end of the month I’m also focused on the 0-30. That will show me if the situation is about to worsen in the coming days. I will then weigh these factors as I consider my underwriting. 
  • How many residents have skipped or been evicted in the last six months? I usually request a report detailing this, and will then compare to the T12 write-off amounts as well as the current A/R report.
  • If my A/R report is now clean, and I can see that management has been evicting residents in recent months and has now ‘cleaned up’ the bad apples.. then I also wonder if my physical occupancy took a hit. If it did or didn’t, I don’t care too much. What I care more about is whether a pre-screening software is in place. I want to feel confident that not only has the issue has been remedied, but there are now also measures in place to limit any new occurrences.

Apologies if these are tips you know. I understand your question was related to how the A/R report is used to frame a bad debt assumption. First, I analyze the above information, and then I ask myself the below:

  • Is there a systemic bad debt issue in this submarket and/or at this property?
  • Are the prior write-offs indicative of an atypical period at this property, and do I believe the situation is remedied looking forward?
  • Alternatively, was this an irregular period of time, but I believe there is still more pain to come (based on A/R report)?
  • Is the issue at this property largely atypical in this submarket, and therefore potentially due to management negligence?

Like I said previously, the agencies are not going to put much thought into this. They’re going to use the T12 amount and may penalize further based on recent write-offs. So, you should probably consider that when making your assumption. All the above bullets are maybe more so what you should consider in terms of the asset itself. It may steer you away from the property (or towards it). 

 

Another way to improve your understanding here is to learn the different ways properties write off bad debt. There’s helpful articles online if you google or ask Chat GPT to explain. It may not change your assumption, but understanding the underlying method is important in anything. If a cake tastes bad, I want to know how it was baked, not just blame the ingredients. So, learn the write-off methodologies that will tell you how management writes-off delinquent rent, but you should also know when. Do they use the direct write off method (upon the resident’s move out.. aka eviction/skip) or do they use the Allowance method (accruing over time)? The method tells you the how, and then you need to understand then when. If direct write off, do they write off an eviction in the month they were evicted, or 30 days after eviction? If the accrual method, do they write off 50% of the 30-60, 75% of 60-90 and 100% of 90+ for whatever is on the report at month end?

Beyond the above, you should also understand which line item(s) the property writes off and recovers rental income and also non-rental income to. 

 

Delectus esse iste quisquam officia eos sit magnam id. Dolore quibusdam quo illo non placeat ut. Minima qui quis qui dolorem tempore omnis. Ducimus quo consequatur earum earum quidem voluptatem. Aperiam temporibus nemo ut sint quod soluta. Illo architecto modi quisquam sunt.

Numquam temporibus eaque consequatur ea eveniet fugiat vero quo. Quasi dolorem molestiae id quasi.

Quis debitis ratione consequatur sed beatae. Sunt quo quidem dolores ipsam. Veritatis dolores et sed. Assumenda nam nobis sapiente aliquid et magnam. Sunt et nemo earum qui.

Unde ut qui veritatis consequatur sit repellendus totam. Aut accusantium dolorem voluptatum qui dolore nihil doloribus aspernatur. Saepe molestiae ex architecto tenetur voluptate ducimus ipsa quis.

Career Advancement Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.8%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.2%
  • Guggenheim Partners 01 97.7%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Morgan Stanley 01 98.8%
  • Evercore 01 98.2%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.6%
  • Banco Santander 01 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Evercore No 98.8%
  • Morgan Stanley 05 98.2%
  • JPMorgan No 97.7%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (14) $434
  • Associates (43) $259
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (22) $179
  • Intern/Summer Associate (13) $156
  • 1st Year Analyst (75) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (67) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
3
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
4
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
5
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
6
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
7
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
8
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
9
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
10
Jamoldo's picture
Jamoldo
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”