WSO/WSP equivalent for architecture?

Ok, so there are two different areas that come up when you mention architecture: there is Architecture with a capital A, and architecture with a lowercase a. Studying the former is much closer to studying the fine arts and art history. You need to look into the philosophy of aesthetics, see the historical precedents, understand the political/religious forces and patrons, etc. to study it well. I'll put a brief overview below, but this kind of architecture is what we traditionally look at as "serious" and contains the important buildings in our culture. Think the Louvre, St. Peters Basilica, The Chrysler Building, The Transamerica Pyramid, etc. It explores the aesthetics of façade, the flow of interior layouts, the political/religious/business impulses, the use of materials. You need to understand Claude Perrault's perspective on the classic orders of columns to understand the Louvre's east façade. You need to read Adolf Loos to understand the move to Modernism. You need to know Washington's and Jefferson's love of neoclassical architecture to understand why the White House looks the way it does. If you want to know more about this I recommend taking a class or reading a book about art/architecture history. All my classes were during time at school, so I don't know of any public courses/books that would be of use, sorry. A librarian or local art center would be a good place to start.

The other kind of architecture is what all of us on this website deal with: floorplans, elevations, sections, FAR, GSF, waterproofing details, bathroom layouts, kitchen specs, etc. This is the nuts and bolts of architecture, and it exists for every building. Yes, a warehouse has an architect who draws plans and designs, but a warehouse isn't Architecture. Here is where you need to understand the details of the drawings for their compliance with zoning, constructability, cost implications, durability, leasability, etc. Most of this comes with experience, the more time you spend developing projects the more you understand how the pieces come together and what you need to look out for. You may not fully understand how to look at a 1-bed unit and know the best layout when you first start out, but after your 40th floorplan review, you've seen enough and understand the process to have a better understanding. One of the best ways to learn how to interpret drawings for their real-world implications is to walk your construction sites with the drawings in hand (if you have the opportunity to), comparing everything you're seeing to everything on the drawing. You'll see an area that may look too small or too large on paper can be just right in person (or vice versa), and it gives you a better sense of how to look at what's on the paper.

One of the more unconventional ways to learn about this is to take tours of architecturally (with a capital A ;) ) significant houses and pay attention to how the architect laid out space. Go to Fallingwater (Run Mill, PA), the Robie House (Chicago, IL), the Farnsworth House (Plano, IL), the Glass House (Canaan, CT), the Eames House (Los Angeles, CA), the Miller House (Columbus, IN) or any other house built after 1900 that offers guided tours. (Most houses built before then are going to be in a very different style that is mostly outdated, and depending on how far back you go will have very different design intentions (i.e. Colonial New England houses were built around the fireplace for better heat distribution, not exactly a great lesson on modern design.).) Also, ask your designers a lot of questions, they have a wealth of knowledge that isn't always articulated unless prompted. 

Personally, I think it's important to have a sense of both, even if the latter is ultimately more important for the proforma. Knowing the design inspiration of your architects and being able to speak the same language as them can be really helpful and can help guide the building to not just be functional but also beautiful. I don't think anyone on this forum is building the next AIA Gold Medal or Pritzker Award winner, but you can still influence how your local 5 over 1 looks and make it slightly less depressing. 

And now for a bit of architecture history. (note: this section is exclusively regarding Western architecture, I don't have much knowledge on other architectural traditions. Also, this focuses on institutional architecture; homes, abodes and other vernacular architecture is a totally different (and also fascinating) subject.) After the classical period architecture was funded and guided by the Church, with religious meaning taking precedence. Churches were supposed to dominate the local architecture showing the absolute dominance of God, floorplans were laid out in the shape of a cross, etc. The late Renaissance saw architecture moving out of the religious sphere, with people like the Medici of Florence and the French kings commissioning palaces and civic buildings that had no religious meaning. Architecture still mostly relied on local styles, conventions and materials; the open courtyards of the Mediterranean coasts wouldn't play well in Germany, and the brick and timber construction popular in America was inspired by local quarries/forests. This continued until the invention of the elevator and more advanced building materials that allowed for sky-scrapers and architectural movements like Deco, Bauhaus, and the International Style, all of which ushered in Modernism. "Glass Box" style of architecture flourished and then languished, the resulting backlash was termed Postmodernism.  There have been lots of sub-movements within those large categories and some architects (e.g. Robert A. M. Stern) are building in a neoclassical, "traditional" manner, but we're ultimately still living in the world of Postmodernism. Unfortunately, in my opinion, today we have a world that is completely connected via the internet, building technology that allows us to overcome most challenges nature throws at us, and air conditioning that negates any necessity to bend design to comply with local climate, resulting in a uniform style of architecture. Spanish architecture used to be different from French architecture which was different from American, Chinese, Russian, Indian, etc. Today, you can take any of the sky-scrapers from those countries and they all look the same.