IB Interview Crash Course

Hey guys, my situation has changed slightly and it might be necessary to brush up on technicals for ib interviews.

Can anyone help me strengthen this list so I can get studying?

Thanks!

Quick Guide: Investment Banking Technicals

The following is a quick review of some of the key technical concepts. It is not exhaustive. For more in depth study check out the DCF

From the Himanshu Singh

A DCF is carried out by estimating the total value of all future cash flows (both inflowing and outflowing), and then discounting them (usually using Weighted Average Cost of Capital - WACC) to find a present value of that cash.

The aim of a discounted cash flow is to estimate the total amount of cash you will receive from an investment, and if this value is higher than the cost of the investment, it is usually worth doing.

The process behind creating a DCF model is as follows:

  • Project Future Cash Flows - this is usually done from a 3-statement projection model or by using simple assumptions about Revenue, Tax, Depreciation, Amortization etc and calculating free cash flow from there
  • Calculate the Discount Rate - this is either taken to be a simple percentage or is calculated using WACC
  • Discount Future Cash Flows - either by using the Mid-Year discount or a simple discount period, it is fairly simple to calculate the present value of future cash flows
  • Estimate Terminal Value - Terminal Value is then estimated either by using a terminal exit multiple (usually an EBITDA multiple) or with a Terminal Growth Rate (Gordon Growth Method)
  • Find the Net Present Value - to find the net present value simply discount the terminal value (again using WACC or a simple %) and then add that to the sum of the discounted cash flow values

Models: LBO

From the Patrick Curtis

LBO stands for Leveraged Buyout and refers to the purchase of a company while using mainly debt to finance the transaction. Leveraged Buyouts are usually done by private equity firms and rose to prominence in the 1980s.

The company performing the LBO or takeover only has to provide a portion of the financing yet is able to make a large purchase through the use of debt, hence the name 'Leveraged'. During the 1980s - 1990s when LBOs were hot, debt could make up as much as 90% of the purchase of a business. However, now investors and private equity firms are a bit more risk adverse and therefore may use closer to 50% debt and 50% equity to purchase a business.

The expectation with leveraged buyouts is that the return generated on the acquisition will more than outweigh the interest paid on the debt, hence making it a very good way to experience high returns whilst only risking a small amount of capital.

Calculations: WACC

From the Patrick Curtis

WACC, or Weighted Average Cost of Capital, is a financial metric used to measure the cost of capital to a firm. It is most usually used to provide a discount rate for a financed project, because the cost of financing the capital is a fairly logical price tag to put on the investment. WACC is used to determine the discount rate used in a DCF valuation model.
The two main sources a company has to raise money are equity and debt. WACC is the average of the costs of these two sources of finance, and gives each one the appropriate weighting.

Calculations: Enterprise Value

From the Patrick Curtis

Enterprise Value (also known as EV) is a metric that attempts to reflect the market value of a firm. It can be used as an alternative to market capitalization.

Essentially, Enterprise Value attempts to provide a more accurate valuation aimed at a buyer. Whilst a firm's market capitalization will indicate share price x share quantity, the firm may have a lot of debt which the acquirer would need to pay off (thereby adding the price of the transaction).

The calculation for Enterprise Value is:

  • Market Capitalization + Debt + Minority Interest + Preferred Shares - Cash & Cash Equivalents

Enterprise Value is a far better metric when considering mergers and acquisitions as it provides a 'truer' valuation on a company by considering more factors than market capitalization, the main one being debt

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Recommended Reading

 

Yes, generally speaking, the topics you listed above are all fair game (sometimes with brainteasers thrown in for fun)...

i don't like promoting our products for fear of sounding like a used car salesman, but in this case, it really makse sense: //www.wallstreetoasis.com/guide/wso-technical-interview-guide

Less expensive than competition and actually has real interview questions from recent interviews with investment banks...no other guides can say that.

I may be biased, but our technical interview guide is the best out there (we have made huge strides in the last 2 years).

If you cram, you can get through the fundamentals in 1-2 nights (especially since you have an accounting background)...and the WSO guide is structured with "easy", intermediate and difficult questions in each section so you can see where you are in your prep quickly.

Either way, best of luck!
Patrick

 

BIWS or WSO Technical guide will more than prepare you for the technicals. When you make it far enough, it is more about making a connection. Good Luck!!!

Authored by: Certified Corporate Development Professional - Director
 

@usgoi has a great idea- I never did any mock interviews, but was fortunate enough to land offers anyway. While they obviously aren't a prerequisite to getting the offer, mock interviews help spot your weaknesses and you can work to fix them- a big part about who bankers hire (once the interviewer has checked the box on the technical questions- as I'm sure you know from reading the site, answering some right probably won't get you the job but answering some wrong might make you lose it) comes down to which interviewees they like best and who has the most presence in the interview. Be aware of how you walk, carry yourself, stand/sit, shake hands, make or don't mak eye contact etc etc etc.

 
chicandtoughness:
NuclearPenguins:

Rosenbaum and Pearl!

Not for an *interview*. Great reference guide for on-the-job or summer analyst stint. But no way would I read through the entire Rosenbaum book just to prep for an interview.

I found it really good to better understand the big 3 valuation methods. That way when I was explaining things it was less of memorizing a formula and actually being able to speak to why things were being done.

It's really not that long, especially if you only focus on comps, precedent transactions, and dcf. I did it just now and I personally felt it paid off.

I can definitely see where you're coming from though, and for rhen it might not be necessary.

 

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