What is "Principal Investing"?

I have seen the term used a fair bit by recruiters (for example, "5 - 7 years of principal investing experience") but unsure if it means i) investing solely off the balance sheet of a firm, ii) direct investing generally, or iii) any buy-side/capital deployment role. 

Investopedia defines it as "when financial institutions, private equity firms, or other such enterprises put their own capital or balance sheet at risk in anticipation of future profit. This differs from when they act as intermediaries or brokers investing on behalf of their clients.", but then lists the Softbank, KKR, and Sequoia as examples which makes me this it just refers deploying capital. 

2 Comments
 

Based on the most helpful WSO content, "Principal Investing" generally refers to:

  1. Investing Solely Off the Balance Sheet of a Firm: Principal Investment firms, like Macquarie Capital, use their own balance sheet to invest. This means they are putting their own capital at risk rather than raising funds from external investors.

  2. Direct Investing Generally: Principal Investing can also encompass direct investments into companies or assets, where the firm takes an ownership stake and is directly involved in the management and growth of the investment.

  3. Any Buy-Side/Capital Deployment Role: While the primary definition involves using the firm's own capital, the term can sometimes be used more broadly to refer to any role where capital is being deployed, including private equity, venture capital, and other buy-side activities.

The definition from Investopedia aligns with the first point, emphasizing the use of the firm's own capital or balance sheet. However, the inclusion of firms like Softbank, KKR, and Sequoia suggests that the term can also be applied more broadly to any direct investment activities, whether the capital is from the firm's balance sheet or raised from external investors.

In summary, Principal Investing typically involves: - Using the firm's own balance sheet for investments. - Directly investing in companies or assets. - Sometimes broadly referring to any buy-side or capital deployment roles.

Sources: What is the difference between PE and Principal Investments firms (i.e.- Macquarie Capital, etc)?, Principal comp

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