How to derive EV/EBITDA, EV/Sale and EV/EBIT formulas

Dear all, I read a training document which show the formulas for EV/EBITDA, EV/Sale and EV/EBIT (single stage). But I don’t understand and don’t know how these formulas are derived. Please kindly help me understand these formulas below:

g is long term growth rate T is tax rate D is depreciation M is operating margin Thanks you so much

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