Can Derivatives Cure Cancer?

This TED Talk by MIT Professor Andrew Lo describes how financial engineering can be used to help cure cancer.

In the video he describes what sounds like an ABS with several tranches that would be open to public investors. This way you could get around the inherent risk of investing in startup biotech companies that are reliant on an upcoming drug test.

He notes that the final drug tests tend to have 2 outcomes:

  • Fail the drug test, 19/20 chance, investment lost

  • Pass the drug test, 1/20 chance, multiples of ROI

The product he is describing is reminiscent of the MBS that were all the rage in the mid 2000's. Different tranches etc.

What do you guys think about using this structure to securitize investing in cancer startups?

12 Comments
 
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I did an entire graduate thesis on this exact topic. My conclusion was no for 3 main reasons: 1. Institutional investors are not sophisticated or risk-happy enough to invest in these pretty complex multi drug derivative portfolios 2. The due diligence needed for a portfolio of even 100 drugs would be insane and even it was composed of 10-20 phase 1 products you would be making crazy wild valuation guesses 3. Pretty much all successful drugs that came from small companies have been bought or commercialised by big pharma. If you put a drugs's IP or royalty in a derivative a portion goes to investors. Big Pharma will not like a drug that only has 60-70% of the royalties or IP up for grabs. They tend to want almost all of it. If you don't get Big Pharma onboard in todays market you won't have that much success.

PM me if you like, I'm happy to share the original paper with you

 
  1. Not sure what you mean by being “risk-happy.” The purpose of these instruments is to reduce risk to the level of any other derivative investment. Plenty of institutions still invest in derivatives of varying risk profiles.

  2. I agree that the valuation of future drugs is the main challenge in this method. But again it’s not really that different from other derivatives. Also I believe Lo tries to capture this valuation uncertainty. He mentions it also helps if the drugs are less correlated from a biological perspective, obviously (e.g searching for a cancer drug plus another drug targeting a neurodegenerative disorder vs. two cancer drugs).

  3. Not really sure what you mean here, as I’m pretty sure all Big Pharma cares about (like any other for profit) is risk-adjusted IRR. They would rather have 70% of a big pie than 100% of nothing.

Would be interested in your thesis! I come from an AM background so this idea intrigued me, but maybe I don’t understand the nuances of pharma AM.

 

I will send it to both you and @LeveredCat"

As for your point I will try to elaborate

  1. By risk I mean the risk of the underlying assets. These assets will be clinical products with very low chances of success. In the early 2000s CS made a product like this from a portfolio of 14 late-stage candidates and only 3 survived by 2011. Granted, the value of the derivative went up because the surviving drugs did very well but now with more complex therapies, more competition and very different reimbursement methods (in particular for the new therapies like gene therapies) your market success may vary. All of these factors make the product quite risky.
  2. If you make a portfolio of 100 cancer drugs (perhaps just in 1-2 cancers) your DD will be easier but realistically only 1-2 will be successful and you have to pray that they become blockbusters. To ensure success you would/should pick the top 50 or so drugs from 20-30 diseases but this would be an absolute shitshow for DD because each disease and disease market has different dynamics. Sure, you can argue that MBS have thousands of mortgages and are a nightmare to look at but they are all based around a standardised market with clearly set parameters. How would you assess the willingness to pay of HTAs in the EU5 for a drug for Progeria or something like that? Considering it has never been done before? DD headache.
  3. You also have to remember that the small biotechs are courting Big Pharma and not the other way around. If there are 100 phase 1 drugs for lung cancer, there may only be a couple of Big Pharma companies ready to spend the $200-300 million to acquire them. If 70-80 of them have a portion of their IP tied up elsewhere, Big Pharma will most likely snob them and aim for the other 20-30 that don't. The other point here is that small biotechs need both money and resources. A derivative can give them all the money they want but it won't give them R&D strategy advice or the ability to access marketing and distribution channels or even engage in payer discussions. Pharma can.
 

Is there any way I can read your graduate thesis? I'm interested in pharma too but don't have any formal training. It would be good to be informed.

Cash and cash equivalents: $138,311 Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned: $448,166
 

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