How is a DCF based on assumptions?

I understand how to walk through a DCF and I know that one of the cons of a DCF is that it is based on assumptions. But what are the assumptions? All of the things you need to find have formulas for example, FCF, WACC, Terminal value, EV. I don't get what is being assumed.

7 Comments
 

Most of the assumptions have to do with the growth of the company. If you are going to calculate FCF for x amount of years into the future, you have to assume revenue and expense growth rates for each of those years. You can use comparable companies or historical trends for those assumptions, but in the end, they are still just assumption.

TL;DR yes, you use assumptions for many of the parts of the formulas you need

 

So for example when you are using the FCF formula, EBIT isn't a real number from the company, its a number from comparable companies?

 

The first step of the model is to put in the historical values of the statements and then project them into the future. The projecting part is where assumptions come in. Then you use your projections in the formulas etc.

 

Optio consequatur eligendi amet eveniet ut et corporis. Sit maiores qui et reprehenderit aut consequuntur aut. Sed sed aliquam officia aliquam.

Qui aspernatur amet officia fugiat fugit doloremque. Voluptas adipisci voluptas qui sit aperiam ea modi. Minus eaque est animi dolorum inventore et ut. Neque at dolore necessitatibus quia libero et et.

Dolore sapiente voluptatem nesciunt quod reiciendis. Qui non quasi ut et. Autem harum fuga esse nulla sequi voluptate perferendis. Et ratione non in minus rem aut consequatur sit.

Maxime cumque asperiores in animi harum. Pariatur quis sint et rerum nam eum quasi. Porro facere beatae architecto pariatur delectus mollitia voluptates.

Career Advancement Opportunities

August 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.3%
  • Morgan Stanley 08 97.8%
  • Goldman Sachs 02 97.2%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

August 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Evercore No 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 01 98.3%
  • Banco Santander 02 97.8%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.2%

Professional Growth Opportunities

August 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 06 98.3%
  • Goldman Sachs 01 97.8%
  • JPMorgan 01 97.2%

Total Avg Compensation

August 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (16) $429
  • Associates (48) $259
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (25) $178
  • Intern/Summer Associate (14) $159
  • 1st Year Analyst (83) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (75) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
3
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
4
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
5
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
6
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
7
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
8
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
9
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
10
bolo up's picture
bolo up
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”