Physician- PE/ VC

Agree with the above, easier to go into more of an operational / consultative role. That being said, there are guys that have done it and flipped to the investing side.

Couple examples with M.D.s on the investment team:

Enhanced Healthcare Partners

Varsity Healthcare Partners

Regal Healthcare Partners (co-founded w/M.D.)

Seen transition into investing role via a MBB role.

PE not so likely, however your best bet to breaking into high finance is VC biotech firms where they focus on pre-seed, seed and series A investments. Where your science and healthcare background has the most leverage vs later stage investments or pure PE firms where the knowledge of finance and required background is much more finance focused. 

My two cents is that this funnel is your best shot, as if you look at a lot of VC biotech firms you'll see their background (which is more often than not a requirement) is to have a phd or MD in a valued added field. Take a look at Arch Ventures in Chicago, I would say this is one of the crim de la crims of biotech VC but there's an example of what I'm talking about. Still get carry, still in high finance, still writing checks, making big checks, still business, etc etc. But this way you'll be able to leverage your current network, your background and most likely also passion and interest for healthcare. PM (private message) me if you want. 

Edit: and yes per my comment above about being a requirement for biotech VC, lots of MDs and phds go into biotech VC. Also I went to a very medicine focused school so I can attest to this.