Stock-based compensation in DCF

I've searched through the whole internet and didn't find the answer. 

I know that the consensus is to treat SBC as an expense (not add back), as stated by BIWS, Damodaran, or even Warren Buffet. They assume that SBC dilute shares, therefore it should not be treated as a non-cash expense. 

What I don't understand is the fact that if we treat SBC as a cash expense, it affects FCFF and dilutes shares on top of that. Isnt it double-counting?

If we add back SBC in FCF, the dilution will only impact equity holders.

Would really appreciate if anyone experienced could chime in, I struggle with the topic.

2 Comments
 
Most Helpful

Think of firm value as like this: Firm Value = Equity + Debt hence FCFF = FCFE + FCFD. 

Now we have the issue some of the Equity in the above is given out to other claimholders, so we have:
Firm Value = Equity (ours) + Equity (claimant) + Debt

When we compute value per share, we want to find our equity, exclusive of what someone else owns already.

Hence to find find value adjusted for the fact that we no longer own all of the firm:
Firm Value(Ours) = Firm Value (Total) - Equity (Claimant) = FCFF - SBC

Therefore the DCF Firm Value you arrive at implicitly takes care of any dilution from SBC. To find value per share, you would divide by total shares outstanding (all dilution impact is already reflected), assuming no other option exercise is taken place.

When you say "[] they assume SBC dilute shares hence should not be added back", it's not true, SBC decrease your VALUE (by reducing cashflows to you), dilution is hardly relevant in the justification for not adding back SBC.

 

Sit repudiandae dolores odit iusto dolores dolores. Magni ut omnis mollitia qui nihil ut molestias. Sapiente quibusdam atque sapiente debitis. Omnis quae distinctio est sit. Delectus ea nesciunt eos dolor temporibus expedita maiores voluptatem. Ratione provident sint aut quis dignissimos repellendus.

Career Advancement Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.8%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.2%
  • Guggenheim Partners 01 97.7%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Morgan Stanley 01 98.8%
  • Evercore 01 98.2%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.6%
  • Banco Santander 01 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Evercore No 98.8%
  • Morgan Stanley 05 98.2%
  • JPMorgan No 97.7%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (14) $434
  • Associates (43) $259
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (22) $179
  • Intern/Summer Associate (13) $156
  • 1st Year Analyst (75) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (66) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
3
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
4
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
5
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
6
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
7
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
8
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
9
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
10
numi's picture
numi
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”