Model Size Tips & Other Modeling Tips & Tricks

I'm sure we're all used to having an overly complex model that crashes excel every time you open / need to refresh the workbook. Looking for some tips / tricks to help limit file size or other things you use that have helped reduce overall size of the workbook. 

Currently working on a 60+ tab operating model that is likely far more complex than it needs to be. Largely built using xlookups and sumifs, but wanted to hear others thoughts on how to bring down file size. Other modeling tips for PE would be greatly appreciated. 

10 Comments
 

Based on the most helpful WSO content, here are some tips and tricks to help limit file size and improve the efficiency of your Excel models:

Tips to Reduce File Size:

  1. Limit the Use of Volatile Functions:

    • Functions like XLOOKUP, SUMIFS, OFFSET, and INDIRECT can slow down your model. Use them sparingly and consider alternatives like INDEX MATCH.
  2. Optimize Data Ranges:

    • Ensure that your formulas only reference the necessary range of cells. Avoid referencing entire columns or rows.
  3. Remove Unnecessary Formatting:

    • Excessive use of cell formatting (colors, borders, etc.) can bloat file size. Use formatting judiciously.
  4. Consolidate Tabs:

    • If possible, consolidate multiple tabs into fewer tabs. This can help reduce complexity and file size.
  5. Use Excel Tables:

    • Excel tables can help manage data more efficiently and reduce the need for complex formulas.
  6. Delete Unused Cells:

    • Clear out any unused cells, especially those with formulas or data that are no longer needed.
  7. Compress Images:

    • If your model includes images, ensure they are compressed to reduce file size.
  8. Save as Binary Workbook:

    • Save your file as a binary workbook (.xlsb) instead of the default .xlsx format. This can significantly reduce file size.

Other Modeling Tips for Private Equity:

  1. Build a Clear and Logical Structure:

    • Ensure your model has a clear structure with well-defined sections for inputs, calculations, and outputs.
  2. Use Named Ranges:

    • Named ranges can make your formulas easier to read and manage.
  3. Document Assumptions:

    • Clearly document all assumptions and inputs. This makes it easier for others to understand and audit your model.
  4. Stress Testing:

    • Perform stress testing to see how your model reacts to different scenarios. This is crucial for private equity modeling.
  5. Version Control:

    • Keep track of different versions of your model. This helps in tracking changes and reverting to previous versions if needed.
  6. Error Checking:

    • Regularly check for errors and inconsistencies in your model. Use Excel’s built-in error-checking tools.
  7. Simplify Where Possible:

    • Avoid overcomplicating your model. Simplicity often leads to better performance and easier maintenance.

By implementing these tips, you can improve the efficiency and performance of your Excel models, making them more manageable and less prone to crashes.

Sources: What I Wish Every First Year Analyst Knew, Tips for keeping a tidy Inbox, https://www.wallstreetoasis.com/forum/consulting/any-advice-on-tools-for-researching-info-collection-distilling-reports-managing?customgpt=1, How do you stay organized at work (both in general and on action item lists)? (x-post w/ MC forum), Group Size

I'm an AI bot trained on the most helpful WSO content across 17+ years.
 

Low hanging fruit here but breaking links and “inspecting” the workbook (alt+f+i -> Info) has been helpful for me in past. For example I was in a file that had a ton of external references, named cells etc., and I was able to trim size down by removing what I didn’t really need. 60+ tabs is a lot for any model - maybe you can hardcode and remove unnecessary shaded portions (I.e. if your divider tab cells are shaded, that technically takes up space). Any volatile functions like indirect will take up more space relatively as they’re constantly calculating. Hope that helps.

 

Yeah, the model is actually relatively simple. Really ~30 actual working tabs and ~30 source tabs. Seniors wanted to see facility level P&Ls which made it way bigger than necessary.

Working in turnaround PE, so we have a lot of variables and scenarios to plug in; however, the model is actually extremely efficient. Just wanted to get some advice for if/when this thing gets a bunch of other things layered on top. Really appreciate the insight.

 
Most Helpful

As mentioned, unless you work in infra, you need to get comfortable utilizing more simplistic operating builds, especially when doing transaction underwriting. This is, of course, assuming that you are "owning" the model and that some VP or your firm isn't forcing these complete nonsensical pieces of shit to underwrite a midwestern services business (or a vertical SaaS business, a widget factory, etc...). 

A few random thoughts:

  • Learn to be comfortable with hardcodes, and source your hardcodes for your own reference. If you're at any good shop with a lean team, your VP will assume your numbers are right and are not going to waste their time to audit every single fucking cell (unless you literally just started). I'm assuming this contributes to why you have so many fucking tabs for XLookups or external links pointing to original data sources. Just hardcode the shit, store the backup in the drive, comment, and move on. Especially if it's creating excel issues
  • Be thoughtful and communicative upfront about how you segment and drive your revenues. For example, I've had discussions with my VP about product groupings when that asshole wanted to model out every single fucking SKU when we were in round 1 and had no clue how to make an informed view about it. Group products that tie into eventual commercial market diligence and that roll up into reported business segments. Collapse line items that make sense, and model them together. This greatly reduces complexity overall, reduces chances for errors, while still hitting the 80/20 view. 
  • If the dataset is static, you don't have to sumif / lookup entire rows. OK if only a few, but if you do this every time then it takes some juice. Also, not every single thing needs to be a waterfall. Many times it does, but sometimes it's just way too much.
  • [Maybe controversial, but my personal preference] Personally, unless it's an infra or infra-adjacent model, I'd avoid monthly builds for. Just use general conventions to estimate quarterly impact of monthly billings/bookings.  That way you don't need to roll everything up a million times, and let's be honest, even post-close the finance team isn't gonna be able to report all your little detailed metrics and financials every month, at best it'll be the biggest topline KPIs which you can track progress on the quarter
  • Detailed headcount builds are overrated IMO. Group things where they make sense - you don't need 6 tiers of sales reps with different levels of managers, for example. Do what makes more intuitive sense. Sometimes you build to a target revenue number (triangulating with market data), and then you burden SG&A appropriately. Sometimes you start with SG&A / Sales Reps and you drive it bottoms-up. But include details on the fundamental core drivers, and group things that are finger-in-the-air estimates and drive those off %s.

This is just the start of reframing how to model in an 80/20 fashion. Every time I get a sell-side model that's 20+ tabs, it's almost entirely because they model out 20+ product lines that can be collapsed into 5, or they model every single fucking city of operation when they could do regional/market level builds. And every time I use the model as a reference, rebuild my own, and throw theirs in the trash because it takes 10 seconds to run a single assumptions change, let alone sensitivities.

IMO, if you need to wait more than 2 seconds for assumptions changes to run through your excel, you have too many tabs. Similarly, if your sensitivities are taking more than a few seconds to load, simplify that shit PLEASE. 

 

For sure man, literally started at a turnaround PE shop a few weeks ago. Super lean team, and all of your points are very valid. I generally agree that monthly builds are useless, but in turnaround it’s a bit more necessary since our companies are so cash constrained. I’m running with 4 operating / lender models to recap all the businesses right now, so am really thankful for the tips. I’m sure others will find them insightful as well.

 

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