Aug 15, 2025
10 Comments
 

Signs that a direct lending fund might be struggling include:

  1. Loose Documentation and Weaker Protections: As competition increases, funds may compromise on deal terms, leading to weaker covenants and protections. This can expose the fund to higher risks during downturns.

  2. Lower Pricing: Intense competition for deals can drive down pricing, reducing the fund's ability to generate attractive returns.

  3. Overleveraging: Applying excessive leverage to achieve equity-like returns can backfire, especially during economic downturns or when defaults rise.

  4. Inexperienced Management: Funds led by managers who haven't navigated through a financial crisis may struggle to handle challenging market conditions effectively.

  5. High Appetite for Yield: If the fund is catering to investors with an insatiable appetite for yield, it may take on riskier loans to meet return expectations, increasing the likelihood of defaults.

  6. Market Saturation: With too much capital chasing too few deals, funds may end up with subpar investments, further straining performance.

  7. Economic Downturns: A recession or economic slowdown can lead to covenant breaches and defaults, especially if the loans are not covenant-lite.

  8. Fundraising Struggles: Difficulty in raising new capital or retaining investor confidence can signal underlying performance issues or concerns about management capabilities.

These factors, combined, can create a downward spiral for a direct lending fund, especially in a challenging economic environment.

Sources: How to tell if a bank will fail?, Troubled fundraising processes, Do PE funds stop caring about certain investments once the fund has crushed it?, Distressed Investing: This Time It's Different, Q&A: Credit Analyst (Multi-Strat Credit Fund) >$5bn Fund

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compare their TVPI, DPI and IRR with peers from the same vintage year to see how it is doing

if they are lower-mid/bottom decile, you have your answer 

if they're a bit older and didn't follow with fundraising for a new credit flagship, could also mean they messed it up/if no plans for a new one also a sign

incentives trumph ethics
 
Most Helpful

Some observations from the opposite side of the table (both from perspective of banker advising on deals they finance and of a lender in syndicates with them):

  • Becoming increasingly unpredictable or erratic in how they behave (i.e. last minute reneging on term sheets, backing out during confirmatory diligence, rapid changes in posture on deals, making unusual/off market demands during documentation)
  • Taking unreasonable positions during portfolio maintenance exercises (i.e. not being constructive on necessary amendments / covenant relief, randomly asking for incremental diligence/details in reporting for performing deals out of the blue)
  • Unexplained shifts in strategy or deal criteria for underwriting 

Good article on Bloomberg (think it is from earlier this year if memory serves me right) on Prospect Capital's implosion which in my (anecdotal) experience is a somewhat illustrative of behavior i have seen from other struggling lenders. 

 

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