Bond question regarding relationships that can exist between capital and face value

I have a question to answer I am not sure of. Wondering if you guys could help me out.

The relationship between a security’s coupon and yield (e.g. Is the coupon less than, greater than, or equal to, the yield?) directly affects the corresponding relationship between its capital and face values. Identify and name the three (3) possible relationships that can exist between capital and face values and explain how each relates to the relationship between coupon and yield

2 Comments
 
Most Helpful

Here a couple quick definitions

Face value: the legal quantity of nominal debt on the instrument to be paid to the bond holder at maturity Coupon: the legal interest payment on the nominal debt that is made Investment value: the market value of the debt Yield: the IRR, the total annual percentage return, etc. Premium/Discount: The difference in market price of the debt vs face value in order to embed extra/less debt in the debt instrument.

What goes on here is that if I’m a company that issues some debt - interest rates change quickly and by the time I’ve issued my debt with its underwritten fixed interest rate - or floating rate plus a credit spread - it will not equal the market interest rate when the debt actually goes out the door. As the market interest rate is what investors will demand, because maybe the yield curve changes, sentiments change, rates change, etc., my issued debt will have to have a premium or discount in order to ensure that the total interest is equal to market interest.

For example, let’s say I have a $100 bond, with a 5% coupon rate, and 2 years until maturity. That means I will get -$100 in year 0. +$5 in year one. $105 in year two if the market interest rate is 5% like the coupon but if the market rate is 10% you could get twice the interest elsewhere so for that bond to sell it must come with the discount so the market interest will be there. In this case, it should sell for at an investment / market value of $91.32. You’ll notice that this gets roughly another $10 in interest when the PV is calculated (simple bond PV formula calculator) that is missing from the coupon.

 

Quia voluptate pariatur cumque voluptas et. Dolores dolor iste sint provident ratione libero. Dolore eius ullam incidunt in quia autem. Consequatur reiciendis provident quam fuga delectus unde deleniti ut. Voluptatum inventore maxime molestiae ex porro quasi.

Minima officia tenetur occaecati qui. Aliquam ea est veniam perferendis modi sed sit vero. Laborum qui deserunt porro ut aut velit eveniet ipsum. Quasi nostrum magnam minus suscipit.

Ut quod modi reiciendis ut non. Officiis saepe illo dolore non. Dolores est aliquid soluta quam veritatis voluptatem repellat. Totam odit tenetur autem temporibus laudantium ad rerum.

Consequatur ullam quia voluptate et sequi repellendus. Atque pariatur vitae voluptas eos molestias eos vitae. Cum amet a delectus laboriosam. Vel sunt sed debitis. Molestias ut voluptas officia nemo dolor fuga. Eveniet eius aperiam magnam repellendus aut. Sint voluptates quidem ab commodi neque voluptatem.

Career Advancement Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.8%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.2%
  • Guggenheim Partners 01 97.7%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Morgan Stanley 01 98.8%
  • Evercore 01 98.2%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.6%
  • Banco Santander 01 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Evercore No 98.8%
  • Morgan Stanley 05 98.2%
  • JPMorgan No 97.7%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (14) $434
  • Associates (43) $259
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (22) $179
  • Intern/Summer Associate (13) $156
  • 1st Year Analyst (75) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (65) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
3
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
4
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
5
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
6
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
7
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
8
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
9
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
10
Jamoldo's picture
Jamoldo
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”