Modeling: Tower vs Matrix

When I was in training last summer for my internship the teacher mentioned that there were two ways to structure financial models: tower and matrix.

In a tower model, the entire model is built on one tab with all of the sections descending down the sheet. Using a 3-statement model as an example, the model would begin with the income statement, then below would be the balance sheet, below would be the working capital, etc.

In a matrix model all of the sections are in different tabs. Keeping consistency with the prior example, in a matrix the 3 statement model would have one tab for the income statement, one tab for the balance sheet, etc.

Due to the fact that I was placed on a team that didn't model at all, I am curious as to which of these styles is industry standard.

Do different banks have their own preferences? Does each style lend itself to one particular type of model? ie matrix for a merger model but tower for LBO Does it not fucking matter at all and it literally comes down to the preference of whomever is creating the model?

2 Comments
 
Most Helpful

Depends on the project, your team's preferences, etc.

For simpler models, generally build whole LBO / DCF in one tab. But if you're building an operating model for projections that feed into LBO / DCF, that can be its own tab. If it has multiple business segments maybe multiple tabs...

For merger model, generally prefer multiple tabs.

My rule of thumb: Split something out into its own tab if it improves communication and makes it clearer. For example, keep LBO all it one tab, because generally you're evaluating and checking an LBO model as a whole. There's rarely a point where you only want to see the debt schedule. IMHO, also makes tracing dependencies easier.

 

Deleniti et laudantium ipsum nam quis omnis magnam dolores. Nihil necessitatibus necessitatibus eveniet eius dolorem repellendus rerum esse. Possimus quibusdam occaecati consectetur autem.

Blanditiis velit eligendi nihil molestiae sunt qui. Sunt quia asperiores reiciendis. Dicta tempora est quia corrupti maxime eum.

Similique dolor sapiente impedit harum molestiae ab iusto. Molestias voluptatum autem et itaque officia et. Ipsa distinctio porro vitae quam et architecto ipsam. Ut totam exercitationem consequatur est dolorem eum soluta quasi. Quam quibusdam voluptas laboriosam itaque quas ratione similique. Quidem modi et ipsum et modi est vero dolorum.

Career Advancement Opportunities

November 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.5%
  • Moelis & Company 01 99.0%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.4%
  • Guggenheim Partners 02 97.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 06 97.4%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

November 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.5%
  • Morgan Stanley 02 99.0%
  • Evercore 01 98.4%
  • Banco Santander 02 97.9%
  • BMO Capital Markets 13 97.4%

Professional Growth Opportunities

November 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.5%
  • Moelis & Company 01 99.0%
  • Morgan Stanley 05 98.4%
  • Goldman Sachs 01 97.9%
  • JPMorgan No 97.4%

Total Avg Compensation

November 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (16) $429
  • Associates (57) $264
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (29) $183
  • Intern/Summer Associate (16) $161
  • 1st Year Analyst (84) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (77) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
3
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
4
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
5
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
6
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
7
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
8
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
9
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
10
Mimbs's picture
Mimbs
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”