Question for FIG Bankers
Hey gang, long time reader first time poster. Thought I would ask a quick question for anyone out there that has run a comp set in Cap IQ regarding Investment banks. Is there a preferred multiple rather than EV/EBITDA or EV/Revenue for banks? Cap IQ doesn't break out bank EV or EBITDA for that matter. I'm sure I can back into it, but if I could get some guidance on bank multiples I would certainly appreciate it.
Thanks guys.
I am not a FIG banker and have very little FIG experience, but EV/EBITDA does not make sense for a bank if you think about it. Think about the business model of a bank (simplistically). The bank receives funds in the form of low interest rate short term deposits (can also borrow funding through other forms of debt) and then it sends those funds out in the form of higher interest rate longer term loans. The bank's revenue is the interest income it receives on the loans it makes. The bank's expense is the interest expense on the deposits (almost like COGS, maybe). The bank's profit is the difference between its interest income and its interest expense (this ignores overhead/SG&A costs which you obviously also have to consider). Earnings before interest does not make sense in this context...the bank has no earnings other than interest.
I think banks are usually evaluated on price/book or price/tangible book and P/E. People also look at net interest income as a % of the bank's interest bearing assets (i.e., as a % of the loans the bank makes).
Again, not a FIG banker. Find one and ask him. You could change the thread title to "? for FIG banker" or something like that.
I'm pretty sure book value multiples are important for financial institutions (especially bank holding companies) so I would include those, but that isn't to say they are the most important metric for comping investment banks. Sorry that's all I got.
Second changing the title of the thread.
Did my stint at a BB FIG Group during the summer. FIG bankers never look at EV/EBITDA or multiples commonly used for manufacturing companies. PB is more relevant. They never even take a look at the cash flow statement because the cash inflows and outflows of a bank are not remotely related to its earnings.
Common operating ratios include ROE and ROA, for banks.
For insurance companies, look at P/EV, or price to EMBEDDED value, not enterprise value. When doing an insurance deal, banks typically hire a actuarial firm to do the EV part of the valuation.
FIG valuations overall are very specialized so don't expect to get any training from annual training sessions.
this is actually a very interesting question because the answer would largely depend on what kind of investment banks you are looking at since depository institutions and pure-play investment banks are extremely different from a valuation perspective.
if you are looking at all-in-one type investment banks like BAML, Citi, JPM, etc., then I would say use a traditional bank valuation multiple such as PBV since most of these companies' businesses are in commercial deposits. however, if by "investment bank" you are referring to pure-plays such as LAZ, EVR, GHL, then using a traditional EV/Sales or EV/EBITDA multiple would actually make more sense (extremely similar to how asset mgmt bankers use EBITDA ratios).
so the short answer is, it depends on the composition of your comp set.
Thanks guys I appreciate the feedback.
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