London PE recruiting process

Know that the PE process is well outlined for the US but curious what applies to the London PE scene. 

What I understand so far for London recruiting:

  • Recruiting less structured - key kick off dates are September and January
  • European languages important
  • Process is (i) interview / chat with HH, (ii) modeling test, (iii) interview with mid-level in team, (iv) interview with senior members of the team

What I'd like to understand:

  1. How important is it to maintain outreach with HHs and how should you do this? Will they reach out to you or, if not on their radar, should you reach out to them? Should you maintain [quarterly] touch points etc?
  2. Any variance is process or insights into modelling element? Do all of these tend to be accompanied by a set of slides, or is the modelling test standalone?
  3. How important are European languages? interested if this would still be an issue in generalist pan-Euro PE
  4. Are there any firms that exclusively hire from top 3 BB?

Interested to hear any insights (either in response to the above or otherwise) from anyone who has gone through the process recently. Would also welcome any insight from those that recruited into any ME SWFs. 

N.B., primarily focussed on generalist buyout but can include sections on growth, real estate, co-invest etc.

I'll aggregate responses so post can be useful for those interested going forward.

41 Comments
 

Based on the most helpful WSO content, here's what you need to know about the London PE recruiting process:

  1. Maintaining Outreach with Headhunters (HHs):

    • Headhunters are crucial gatekeepers in the PE recruiting process. While they may reach out to you if you're in a strong group, it's advisable to proactively reach out to them if you're not on their radar.
    • Regular touchpoints, such as quarterly updates, can help maintain visibility. This is especially important if you're targeting specific firms or want to stay informed about opportunities.
  2. Modeling Test Variance:

    • Modeling tests in London PE recruiting can vary. Some tests are template-based, while others require building models from scratch using provided information. Multi-day assignments, such as identifying an LBO target and creating a full analysis, are less common but not unheard of.
    • Tests may or may not include accompanying slides. It's best to prepare for both standalone modeling tests and those requiring a presentation component.
  3. Importance of European Languages:

    • European languages are highly valued, especially for roles with geographical coverage in specific regions. For generalist pan-European PE roles, not knowing a local language may not be a dealbreaker but could limit your opportunities in certain markets.
  4. Firms Exclusively Hiring from Top 3 BBs:

    • While some firms may have a preference for candidates from top-tier banks, there isn't a strict exclusivity to the top 3 BBs. Networking, deal experience, and strong performance in interviews can help you stand out regardless of your bank.
  5. Additional Insights:

    • The London PE recruiting process is less structured compared to the US, with key kick-off periods in September and January.
    • For generalist buyout roles, the process typically involves an initial chat with HHs, followed by a modeling test, interviews with mid-level team members, and final interviews with senior team members.
    • ME SWFs and other specialized roles may have unique processes, so it's worth tailoring your preparation accordingly.

For more detailed insights, you can explore the WSO threads on PE recruiting in London, such as the one at url: https://www.wallstreetoasis.com/forum/investment-banking/20-most-freque….

Sources: Basic Questions About PE Recruiting Answered, 20 Most Frequently Asked Questions - London Edition, Private Equity Recruiting Process (From Banking), Private Equity Recruiting Process (From Banking), 20 Most Frequently Asked Questions - London Edition

I'm an AI bot trained on the most helpful WSO content across 17+ years.
 
Most Helpful

edited to re-number


Maybe others can chip in here but as a starter:

  1. Very important to maintain relations with the HHs and can be the differentiating factor in knowing what is coming to market and when. Also key to have a clear strategy to stick close to the HHs that have key mandates (Kea, Dartmouth, Blackwood, Nordbridge, PER for example)
  2. Often have a standalone 'vanilla' modelling test as one of the earlier rounds and a later-stage case study that has a slides / written memo component
    • Modelling test usually either blank sheet 60-70min 2.5 statement LBO or 60 minute LBO with pre-built elements but that also includes some additional questions. Becoming more common to have a 60min corporate finance test with test-like questions
    • Case study is 3-4 hours with usually blank sheet LBO plus some slides or written memo covering what would be on the slides. Often if slides-based they will give you a bit of a skeleton
  3. The main languages are extremely important, can be the defining reason for selecting a candidate in a process
  4. Some of the Large-Cap US funds have this as a hard requirement (i.e., won't let you into a process without MS, GS, JPM). Often more of a 'soft' requirement introduced by head hunters for who they outreach to or by the PE firm during later selection rounds. Anecdotally the Large-Cap processes are commonly comprised of a broad base of BB candidates and then some select EB candidates. Not sure if there is element of self-selection here but just an observation
 
[Comment removed by mod team]
 

Associate 1 in IB-M&A

edited to re-number


Maybe others can chip in here but as a starter:

  1. Very important to maintain relations with the HHs and can be the differentiating factor in knowing what is coming to market and when. Also key to have a clear strategy to stick close to the HHs that have key mandates (Kea, Dartmouth, Blackwood, Nordbridge, PER for example)
  2. Often have a standalone 'vanilla' modelling test as one of the earlier rounds and a later-stage case study that has a slides / written memo component
    • Modelling test usually either blank sheet 60-70min 2.5 statement LBO or 60 minute LBO with pre-built elements but that also includes some additional questions. Becoming more common to have a 60min corporate finance test with test-like questions
    • Case study is 3-4 hours with usually blank sheet LBO plus some slides or written memo covering what would be on the slides. Often if slides-based they will give you a bit of a skeleton
  3. The main languages are extremely important, can be the defining reason for selecting a candidate in a process
  4. Some of the Large-Cap US funds have this as a hard requirement (i.e., won't let you into a process without MS, GS, JPM). Often more of a 'soft' requirement introduced by head hunters for who they outreach to or by the PE firm during later selection rounds. Anecdotally the Large-Cap processes are commonly comprised of a broad base of BB candidates and then some select EB candidates. Not sure if there is element of self-selection here but just an observation

anyone want to trade case studies or models?

 

Adding details from my experience so far:

2. Modelling test consisted of two stages, one interview on paper LBO and another solely on a detailed case study (>2 hours) which was followed by a presentation. The detailed case study was blank sheet, given pre-prepared materials from which you had to build the LBO, returns implications that you had to present. Don't recall if guidance was given here but expectation was a simple deck on overview of business, profile, returns, risks etc which was discussed after

 
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Any insights on the timeline please? Say I started at a BB this summer 2024 - does that mean that HHs will expect me to participate in the ~September 2025 on-cycle? Or would it be okay to skip this and participate in a 2026 on-cycle, i.e. two years after starting? My team just got very unlucky with a couple pitches so I suspect I won't have execution experience to talk about just one year into the job, but I'm also afraid of the stigma connected to skipping the default on-cycle. Any advice is appreciated! 

 
[Comment removed by mod team]
 

Firstly, would maybe get away from the US-centric view of PE recruiting. There is no true 'on-cycle' as it stands in London PE recruiting. Firms recruit year-round for seats though it is true that there is sometimes a bit of a cluster in Sep-Oct and in Jan.

Highly unlikely they will want you to participate in processes as soon as you start, though they may call to get an idea of what you're looking for longer-term. It is fine to say you're focused on the job for the next ~18 months and will keep in touch with them in the meantime (see my original point above on keeping in touch with HHs).

Super key in general to remember:

1. PE recruitment is a much later window in London than the US so you have more time than you think. Most attractive window for candidates is often >18 months and 48 months of experience. I would even venture to say that it is common to see Associates leaving to MF seats here (which is unheard of in the US). There is no stigma in waiting the first 18 months on the bench provided you are well-prepped when you come into processes

2. PE recruitment is much more random / out of your control in London than the US. E.g., if KKR are looking for a new Associate for their Generalist team in 2026 they may specifically be looking for a French speaker in a certain vertical. If you don't fit the bill then gotta wait until 2027 anyway

3. Given the above very key to wait until you have some 'actual' execution experience before interviewing. You'll be competing with Senior Analysts and Associates anyway so why handicap yourself

 

Agree with comments above but adding my 2 cents:

1. HHs gatekeep most PE roles in London from LMM to MF. Even if you're introduced into process through someone working at a fund, you'll likely be referred to the HH running the process. Having a good relationship with the HH firm, or even better, the individual running a process will pay dividends

2. Typically seen both a modelling test + case study in processes. The stage where the modelling test takes place varies (e.g. sometimes first round before interviews, sometimes further down the line), but case study is typically the last or penultimate round. Modelling test is almost always an LBO and focused on testing speed rather than complexity. Case study is almost always a CIM / extract and to prepare some kind of IC memo

3. Some processes can have a hard-requirement for languages if the role is filling a specific geo coverage area e.g. DACH, Nordic, etc. Unlikely to break into these processes unless you meet the requirement. Apart from these, shouldn't be an issue

4. I believe this is a less of a hard-requirement vs. what I've read about the US. I'm sure HHs will reach out to GS/MS/JP for their first shortlist, but will definitely expand to other BBs and EBs (and even Big4 for LMM and MM) if the first shortlist doesn't fill the seat. Think the bigger differentiator is how well the HH rates you from previous calls / coffees / processes

 
[Comment removed by mod team]
 

Thank you for your input - incredibly helpful. If your title is up-to-date, is there any difference you found in growth processes vs. generalist buyout? Is the case study still an LBO, or more detailed look at an operating model of a SoftwareCo and then returns waterfall (or anything else)? 

I've seen quite a few growth people with non-TMT IB backgrounds (primarily M&A) - how broad is the net on sector coverage for HH here? Did you tailor your approach to each HH with respect to growth vs. generalist mandates if so?

 

Only slight differences during the technical stages, e.g. no leverage, more focus on revenue build, minority stakes etc, but largely straight forward. Bigger differences in commercial discussions during case study and interviews, with focus around understanding growth investing, market dynamics, industry knowledge.

Background can be broad but good to demonstrate experience / interest in tech enabled sectors, but certainly not a prerequisite to be in a TMT group. Key to emphasise throughout the process why growth investing vs traditional PE and a strong understanding of the growth strategy.

 

Associate 3 in PE - Growth

Agree with comments above but adding my 2 cents:

1. HHs gatekeep most PE roles in London from LMM to MF. Even if you're introduced into process through someone working at a fund, you'll likely be referred to the HH running the process. Having a good relationship with the HH firm, or even better, the individual running a process will pay dividends

2. Typically seen both a modelling test + case study in processes. The stage where the modelling test takes place varies (e.g. sometimes first round before interviews, sometimes further down the line), but case study is typically the last or penultimate round. Modelling test is almost always an LBO and focused on testing speed rather than complexity. Case study is almost always a CIM / extract and to prepare some kind of IC memo

3. Some processes can have a hard-requirement for languages if the role is filling a specific geo coverage area e.g. DACH, Nordic, etc. Unlikely to break into these processes unless you meet the requirement. Apart from these, shouldn't be an issue

4. I believe this is a less of a hard-requirement vs. what I've read about the US. I'm sure HHs will reach out to GS/MS/JP for their first shortlist, but will definitely expand to other BBs and EBs (and even Big4 for LMM and MM) if the first shortlist doesn't fill the seat. Think the bigger differentiator is how well the HH rates you from previous calls / coffees / processes

languages becoming an issue for like half the places i want to work... how do i get around it?

 

Associate 3 in PE - Growth

Agree with comments above but adding my 2 cents:

1. HHs gatekeep most PE roles in London from LMM to MF. Even if you're introduced into process through someone working at a fund, you'll likely be referred to the HH running the process. Having a good relationship with the HH firm, or even better, the individual running a process will pay dividends

2. Typically seen both a modelling test + case study in processes. The stage where the modelling test takes place varies (e.g. sometimes first round before interviews, sometimes further down the line), but case study is typically the last or penultimate round. Modelling test is almost always an LBO and focused on testing speed rather than complexity. Case study is almost always a CIM / extract and to prepare some kind of IC memo

3. Some processes can have a hard-requirement for languages if the role is filling a specific geo coverage area e.g. DACH, Nordic, etc. Unlikely to break into these processes unless you meet the requirement. Apart from these, shouldn't be an issue

4. I believe this is a less of a hard-requirement vs. what I've read about the US. I'm sure HHs will reach out to GS/MS/JP for their first shortlist, but will definitely expand to other BBs and EBs (and even Big4 for LMM and MM) if the first shortlist doesn't fill the seat. Think the bigger differentiator is how well the HH rates you from previous calls / coffees / processes

how do headhunters actually keep track of how much they like you? i feel like kea has legit blacklisted me even though all my interactions with them have been very short and role specific 

 

IB_assoc2

Associate 3 in PE - Growth

Agree with comments above but adding my 2 cents:

1. HHs gatekeep most PE roles in London from LMM to MF. Even if you're introduced into process through someone working at a fund, you'll likely be referred to the HH running the process. Having a good relationship with the HH firm, or even better, the individual running a process will pay dividends

2. Typically seen both a modelling test + case study in processes. The stage where the modelling test takes place varies (e.g. sometimes first round before interviews, sometimes further down the line), but case study is typically the last or penultimate round. Modelling test is almost always an LBO and focused on testing speed rather than complexity. Case study is almost always a CIM / extract and to prepare some kind of IC memo

3. Some processes can have a hard-requirement for languages if the role is filling a specific geo coverage area e.g. DACH, Nordic, etc. Unlikely to break into these processes unless you meet the requirement. Apart from these, shouldn't be an issue

4. I believe this is a less of a hard-requirement vs. what I've read about the US. I'm sure HHs will reach out to GS/MS/JP for their first shortlist, but will definitely expand to other BBs and EBs (and even Big4 for LMM and MM) if the first shortlist doesn't fill the seat. Think the bigger differentiator is how well the HH rates you from previous calls / coffees / processes

how do headhunters actually keep track of how much they like you? i feel like kea has legit blacklisted me even though all my interactions with them have been very short and role specific 

im just super curious how they track this internally - like on my profile does it say 'do not give her mandates but still reply her emails and be nice to her? i dont get it

 

Favourably generally speaking but in the context of London, some of the larger funds such as CD&R do have a bias against most EBs as they're aware of the fact that their presence in Europe isn't as strong as their US presence. Biggest sign of this is that most of these MFs regularly work with the US franchise of these EBs but almost always stick with BBs on their European deals.

The average EB MD in Europe's deal size isn't comparable to their US counterparts and that's reflected in the junior's deal size and flow

Most MM and LMMs have no real bias for or against EB candidates in London

 

Ironically US EBs >>> EU EBs (laz/roths etc) despite other comments here (based on number and quality of exits relative to class size)

 

I feel like everyone was hiring end of Jan til end of April and now nothing left. Keen to know if anyone knows of places still hiring 

 
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