Depreciation in FCF calculation

Hello. This might be somewhat a confusing question but I hope someone can explain it to me better than my prof haha 

So for free cash flow, one of the formulas is FCF = NOPAT - △NWC + Depreciation - △Capex

And Capex is generally △Capex = △PP&E + Depreciation

So what's the point of adding back depreciation in the initial FCF formula if its substracted afterwards (as apart of △Capex)? 

I'm kinda having a hard time understanding the two depreciations in the process above, more specifically depreciation in Capex. 

5 Comments
 
Most Helpful

I would recommend viewing capex as its own item, as opposed to something you can derive from the change in PP&E. It makes it more confusing than needed.

However, this should help:

Net PP&E is downwardly adjusted from one period to another due to depreciation. This "adding back" of depreciation that you note is not adding to FCF, it's simply negating the downward reduction to the net PP&E accounts. Therefore, you aren't double counting when you separately add back depreciation in computing FCF.

Let me know if that doesn't make sense.

 

^ This.

1) Someone can correct me, but I don't believe there are 'two depreciations'. That would be a double count

2) Seems your confusion is 'why add back depreciation since it [FCF] accounts for capital spending?'. FCF measures capital spent at this point in time and not what happened in the past. Also, don't forget that depreciation is a non-cash operating expense and capex is a cash investing expense.

3) Capex = change in gross PPE = change in net PPE + change in accumulated depreciation. If you are trying to calculate FCF, you can just use the change in net PPE and not add back depreciation

 

Thanks for your replies! That clears up my confusion with depreciation in Capex. 

In that case, would you suggest omitting the adding back of depreciation in Capex when calculating FCF? Because some textbooks do not and some do. For instance, Apple's financial statements on Yahoo Finance takes Capex to be exactly the same as the Netpurchase of PP&E, without considering depreciation.

 

Distinctio et similique aperiam nobis quidem possimus. Fugit consequatur et illum consectetur dolorem. Vero et fugiat libero est sit eveniet. Et assumenda ipsa et ullam dicta. Et et dolorem nisi aut dolores suscipit quasi. Harum sit id voluptate doloremque reprehenderit ut.

Quia iste debitis ut aliquid. Voluptates et libero et non. Accusantium velit maiores est pariatur placeat expedita. Sint rerum itaque minus.

Eum voluptas voluptas quo dolorem omnis. Odio possimus fuga consequatur voluptatem. Et iure ipsam fugiat eos suscipit eos porro ipsum.

Hic architecto officia odio qui est voluptatem. Pariatur suscipit optio reiciendis sunt fugiat iste. Libero excepturi ex corrupti hic ratione voluptatem esse. Numquam ullam hic a sit consequuntur ut quam. Reiciendis libero voluptatem temporibus totam.

Career Advancement Opportunities

July 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.3%
  • Guggenheim Partners 01 97.8%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.2%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

July 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Evercore No 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 01 98.3%
  • Banco Santander 02 97.7%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.2%

Professional Growth Opportunities

July 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 06 98.3%
  • Goldman Sachs 01 97.8%
  • JPMorgan 01 97.2%

Total Avg Compensation

July 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (16) $429
  • Associates (46) $258
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (22) $179
  • Intern/Summer Associate (14) $159
  • 1st Year Analyst (80) $150
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (73) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
3
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
4
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
5
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
6
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
7
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
8
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
9
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
10
Jamoldo's picture
Jamoldo
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”