What does EV/EBITDA represent?

What exactly does EV/EBITDA or any of the EV valuation ratios represent? For example, P/E means that you're paying X dollars for every dollar of a company's earnings. Does this apply with the EV ratios too? So for example if a company has a EV/EBITDA of 10x, you're paying $10 for every dollar of that company's EBITDA and it would essentially take 10 years for you to recoup your initial investment.

I got this question in an interview a while back and it kind off threw me off guard. Any answers would be much appreciated.

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EBITDA is an approximation for operating cash flow. Not quite correct to say you recoup your investment in 10 years if you pay 10x because:

  • EBITDA isn't free cash flow, you still have outflows of capex, interest, tax, debt repayments, etc

  • EBITDA theoretically will increase over time, so you're paying 10x today, but maybe a 7 or 5x next year.

EV/EBITDA multiples are helpful because its a standard valuation scheme that ignores cap structure and capital expenditure strategy, both which can be changed upon a new equity sponser (e.g. PE firm) entering the business.

 

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