Creativity in Valuation

Hey everybody - have been working in PE for a few years now. Think I've got the basics of the role down but one area that I still haven't quite figured out is how to think through various valuation strategies when bidding on a business. To clarify this a bit, I feel like I often hear my MDs come up with different structures (e.g., X% cash consideration + Y% preferred note, convertible preferred structure with XX% ownership, participating preferred) on the fly. 

Has anybody tried to get better on this front? It's a bit more obvious to diligence an investment when you're considering a majority buyout / all common off an EBITDA multiple, but I find that the seniors that can cycle through different valuation methodologies / investment vehicles in their head are most prolific in conversations and convincing IC / sellers that a transaction can happen. 

10 Comments
 

One place I like to look at are deals that ended up in litigation (ie - Texaco's acquisition of Getty Oil, Ceasar's LBO, etc). When transactions are part of litigation, there will be a ton of (pseudo-)publicly available information to look through. 

Now, it can be challenging to find these as most don't have books written about them like Getty Oil and Ceasar's do. Unless you have access to something like WestLaw or some similar legal research platform, I am not aware of a good "single place" to point you to on this front. 

But this is definitely where you can see more of that type of "unique" structuring and the rationale behind why the structure was put in place.

 

Outside of deal reps and just seeing stuff in action (the best learning), I would study past deals that your firm has done with structure.  Talk to the VP on the deal and figure out why they did this, what were the seller and / or IC dynamics that drove this structure?  The more info you can digest on the why, the more you will expand your toolkit and be able to pattern match for future situations.

 
Most Helpful

I'd echo above - these MDs have the advent of precedents and are probably just rattling off structures that they've used before. With that said, here's some scenarios to keep in mind that you can learn more about / look to incorporate:
 

  • If you're buying the whole business (i.e., minimal seller rollover) and can afford the whole business --> There's minimal room for structure as structured bids will probably be non-competitive with other offers unless the business is distressed or less attractive / process is less competitive
  • If you're buying the whole business but can't actually write the check for the whole business --> You could look to introduce a seller note (in lieu of co-invest or other forms of equity/debt financing) but per above, your bid may be less competitive
  • If you're not buying the whole business (i.e., seller rollover / remaining ownership is material) --> As you mentioned, there's more room for creativity here, options may include:
    • Participating preferred or convertible preferred equity (that is senior to the seller's rollover/stake)
      • Either can be a strict 1x or incorporate PIK interest (e.g., 8%, 10%, 12%) depending on how much downside protection you want and how much leverage you think you have in negotiations (where adding a PIK is obviously more aggressive and a participating structure is more aggressive than convertible)
    • Other fancy options start to include things like warrants or other mechanisms (e.g., MOIC-based kickers at exit) to accomplish either (i) diverting certain proceeds to you as the new buyer for downside protection and/or (ii) incentivizing the seller with certain incremental proceeds (payable either now or at exit or sometime in between) to sweeten your offer
 

Quaerat voluptatum ut suscipit eum expedita expedita tempore. Voluptas corporis sapiente error sapiente tempore nihil. Rem eos aut nobis.

Iusto omnis eum reiciendis repellendus. Ipsam nisi sed cum vitae. Adipisci voluptas quo nobis quidem. Et odit aliquid modi dolores rerum. Voluptas est in et accusantium est.

Vel molestiae fugit omnis magni placeat. Ullam asperiores autem ad nam voluptas atque. Dolores consequuntur ipsam rerum minus. Ea sed eligendi sit dolor neque est ut.

"we do not reach the peaks of these mountains, without first learning to give up our want to surrender" - shanke koyzcan

Career Advancement Opportunities

July 2026 Private Equity

  • The Riverside Company 99.6%
  • Blackstone Group 99.3%
  • KKR (Kohlberg Kravis Roberts) 98.9%
  • Warburg Pincus 98.5%
  • Vista Equity Partners 98.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

July 2026 Private Equity

  • Blackstone Group 99.6%
  • KKR (Kohlberg Kravis Roberts) 99.2%
  • The Riverside Company 98.9%
  • Ardian 98.5%
  • Starwood Capital Group 98.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

July 2026 Private Equity

  • Bain Capital 99.6%
  • The Riverside Company 99.3%
  • Blackstone Group 98.9%
  • Starwood Capital Group 98.5%
  • Vista Equity Partners 98.1%

Total Avg Compensation

July 2026 Private Equity

  • Principal (9) $653
  • Director/MD (24) $547
  • Vice President (99) $363
  • 3rd+ Year Associate (104) $281
  • 2nd Year Associate (235) $272
  • 1st Year Associate (411) $229
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (33) $157
  • 2nd Year Analyst (97) $134
  • 1st Year Analyst (272) $124
  • Intern/Summer Associate (38) $81
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (356) $61
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
3
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
4
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
5
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
6
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
7
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
8
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
9
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
10
bolo up's picture
bolo up
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”