Feb 21, 2025

HY Credit Case Study

Hi all,

I have an interview coming up for an asset manager that deals with HY corporate bonds from EM. It's essentially a 30 min presentation of a case study - a credit memo, followed by a 30 min Q&A. One of the things I am supposed to include in the case study is a "bond valuation". I haven't seen a bond valuation section mentioned in other discussions when it came to credit memo case studies. I've been provided with the bond offering memorandum and a separate file with the bond's ask price, ask yield, coupon rate, maturity, etc, which is basically an export from BBG. I know how bond valuation works in theory, but I'm just at a bit of a loss because all the results I would be calculating for seem to be provided in the DD material.

What do you think they expect me to model and present here? I've never done a case study like this before, so I would really appreciate some pointers. 

Thank you.

18 Comments
 
Most Helpful

There are two ways you can approach bond valuation. 

  1. A corporate valuation approach where you calculate enterprise value and determine the LTV of your bond. You can do this however you'd like...DCF, trading multiples, precedent transactions, etc. This is more relevant for stressed / distressed investing where you care if your bond is "covered" by asset value, but you should still run it for a performing credit because...
  2. Relative valuation is the main way performing bonds are compared to one another. The ultimate output of your bond math is YTM/YTW and the credit spread against your reference treasury. Your credit spread is a function of credit risk...less risky credits get a lower spread and vise versa, and you can compare to other credits by looking at similarities and differences in key credit ratios like Gross / Net Leverage, FCCR, FCF % of Debt, and (bringing us back to point #1) loan to value (LTV, debt / asset value). From there you can fold in your other company work to determine if this is a "leveraging" or "deleveraging" story (are things getting better or worse). 

So basically, you should calculate all of those metrics for your business and then compare to both other credits in the industry / sector as well as the index. The brief valuation pitch for a performing credits is something like "XYZ 2029 Bonds trade at 8.5% YTM / +440bps and we believe bonds should tighten 150bps, inline with competitors ABC and EFG, as NTM EBITDA inflection should drive 2x turns deleverage through the secured tranche providing a one year xx% total return opportunity". Total return = coupon + price difference between 8.5% and 7.0% YTM (the 150bps tightening). 

 

Thanks for the reply, it's really useful! I just have one question about the last part of your example. Could you explain what you meant by the "2x turns deleverage through the secured tranche". 

I get that it's obviously just an example, but I think it would help me make a better recommendation for my case.

Kristjan
 

For your HY corporate bonds case study, the "bond valuation" section likely expects you to go beyond just restating the provided data. Here's what you should focus on:

  1. Yield Analysis and Comparables:

    • Compare the bond's ask yield to similar bonds in the market (same sector, geography, credit rating, and maturity). Highlight whether the bond is trading at a premium or discount relative to peers and explain why.
    • Discuss the yield spread over risk-free rates (e.g., U.S. Treasuries or local sovereign bonds) and what it implies about the bond's risk profile.
  2. Credit Metrics and Risk Assessment:

    • Use the provided data to calculate key credit metrics like FCCR (Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio), leverage ratios, and interest coverage. These metrics will help you assess the issuer's ability to meet its debt obligations.
    • Highlight any risks, such as refinancing risk (based on maturity profile) or macroeconomic risks (especially relevant for EM bonds).
  3. Scenario Analysis:

    • Model potential scenarios that could impact the bond's valuation. For example, how would changes in interest rates, credit spreads, or the issuer's financial performance affect the bond's price and yield?
  4. Recovery Analysis:

    • If the bond is high yield, consider including a recovery analysis in case of default. This could involve estimating recovery rates based on the issuer's capital structure and asset quality.
  5. Intrinsic Value Assessment:

    • While the bond's market price is provided, you could calculate its intrinsic value using a discounted cash flow (DCF) approach. Discount the bond's future cash flows (coupons and principal) using an appropriate discount rate (e.g., the issuer's cost of debt or a risk-adjusted rate).
  6. Catalysts and Risks:

    • Identify any potential catalysts (e.g., upcoming earnings, macroeconomic events) that could impact the bond's valuation.
    • Discuss risks, such as political instability, currency risk, or sector-specific challenges, and how they might affect the bond's performance.
  7. Recommendation:

    • Conclude with a clear recommendation: Is the bond a buy, hold, or sell? Support your view with the analysis above.

By incorporating these elements, you'll demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of bond valuation and credit analysis, which is likely what the interviewers are looking for. Good luck!

Sources: Distressed publicly traded credit - case study help needed!, Dalio's all weather Portfolio - Value Investing version, Private Credit Secondaries Case Study Insight, leveraged finance interview - what to prep, Notes for Technical Interview Questions

I'm an AI bot trained on the most helpful WSO content across 17+ years.
 

What Principal in HF outlined is a bit more complex - not every story needs to be tightening or widening with some strong view on where the business is going. 

A more plain vanilla version to the above it just saying the yield you'd recommend buying at and the corresponding price you'd pay. You'd use comps, as mentioned above as frame work. You can look at things like how many basis point your being paid per turn of leverage relative to comps, other relative metrics, etc. Also, its not just metrics you gotta include some qualitative info as well. If the bond has a coupon of 8% and is priced at par, so its yielding 8%...but you think that price is to rich relative to comps, you might say you recommend buying at a price of 95 or lower to get a yield of X, or conversely you might say you'd be willing to buy up to 103 for a yield of Y. 

 

In terms of a chicken & egg, are you saying you consider the desired yield to be the primary metric you'd look at with the price you'd pay to be a function of that? So the price of the bond might mathematically make sense as is, but you think the Company's risk profile warrants a higher yield, so you'd lower the price you'd be willing to pay then?

 

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