How many tabs do your typical pro forma financial models end up being?

Work for a group that has a tendency to suffer from a lot of Analysis Paralysis. We tend to end up with ~30 tabs in a model for the absolute shortest and simplest deals and up to 60 tabs with a few hundred rows each for a normal deal, but I just started in IB in Q4 of '22 so I have no reference point for this. 

Is this normal and banking really blows this much everywhere or are my bosses specifically obtuse? We are sell-side M&A generalists that work across industries and there isn't a clear correlation between the industry / complexity of transaction and how wonky our models end up. Typically that's more a function of how many separate MDs are giving input on the model, which is why I feel we may just be inefficient because I've heard at similar MM M&A groups there tends to be one main MD running point on the deal / giving instructions and the preparing materials phase after signing EL but before going to market lasts more like 4-8 weeks than 12-16. Can anyone provide any context on this? Size of financial models you end up with (in terms of number of tabs excluding dividers) and time spent between signing EL and launching the deal? 

I'm really just trying to figure out if a less grueling M&A gig exists or if 100+ versions of 50 tab models is the norm in this world. 

9 Comments
 

Currently work in an M&A group. The breadth of the model depends on what the client wants. I have done models with as little as 3 tabs to models with 50 tabs. Average is probably 10 tabs. Usually have a tab for each revenue to contribution business unit and then one tab for overhead expenses. Signed EL to market timing is probably 8-12 weeks. My firm has industry groups and M&A separate so there is an MD from both groups running the deal. Usually the industry MD is running point on the marketing materials.

 

I work in MM IB, and agree generally with guy above. Most models I’ve built are around 10 tabs, sometimes a bit more other times less.
 

Keep it simple. 

 

Sounds like you may have inexperienced MDs. When you're well experienced in a certain market and with certain buyers you know what they're focused on and it typically wont take 100 tabs to address the key points in a spreadsheet model. This is for the better, the buy-side Associate & VP don't want to have to sort through a 50 tab monstrosity anymore than you want to build one. 

When you're stabbing in the dark is when the 100 tab modeling marathons start because you don't actually know what people will focus on or what the key value drivers are so you have to cover every piece of ground conceivable. 

 

This is kind of what I was wondering. We really seem to struggle with figuring out how we want to look at things, when covering a client in an industry we don't have much experience in, and often end up trying to cover every angle as a result. Pain in the ass for everyone involved, especially the investors who have to go through it lol. 

 

Have worked with Public clients who had the most obtuse and ridiculous "models" with 30-40 tabs that are literally impossible to follow, thats the worst I've seen. Even the more technical Oil and Gas NAV models with a bunch of type curves and development wedges were under 20. wtf are you doing with 50 tab models lmao that sounds like hell. 

 

wtf are you doing with 50 tab models lmao that sounds like hell. 

For example we had a super long two tab section in our last model attempting to project out global inflation and interest rates (instead of just using Chatham Forward Curve) so we can make sure we're projecting out the interest income earned on excess cash correctly down to the penny. For a logistics company lol. 

The crazy part is we will literally get to the point where all of us struggle like hell to interpret, retain, edit, summarize or draw conclusions from these long-winded models, but it never occurs to us that if something is so complex that it makes our lives more difficult it's going to be even worse for our counterparties, who it's really meant for. 

Well, I guess on the bright side whatever I do next will be gloriously simple by comparison /: 

 

Illum non consectetur sapiente atque et. Minima dolores sit sed ut et consectetur qui. Atque ratione iste pariatur.

Career Advancement Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • JPMorgan 01 98.3%
  • Guggenheim Partners 01 97.7%
  • Morgan Stanley 07 97.1%

Overall Employee Satisfaction

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Moelis & Company No 99.4%
  • Morgan Stanley 02 98.8%
  • Evercore 01 98.3%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.7%
  • Banco Santander 01 97.1%

Professional Growth Opportunities

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Evercore 01 99.4%
  • Moelis & Company 01 98.9%
  • Morgan Stanley 05 98.3%
  • JPMorgan No 97.7%
  • BMO Capital Markets 12 97.1%

Total Avg Compensation

June 2026 Investment Banking

  • Vice President (14) $434
  • Associates (44) $258
  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (8) $210
  • 2nd Year Analyst (22) $179
  • Intern/Summer Associate (13) $156
  • 1st Year Analyst (78) $151
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (73) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

Leaderboard

1
redever's picture
redever
99.2
2
Secyh62's picture
Secyh62
99.0
3
kanon's picture
kanon
99.0
4
BankonBanking's picture
BankonBanking
99.0
5
CompBanker's picture
CompBanker
98.9
6
GameTheory's picture
GameTheory
98.9
7
DrApeman's picture
DrApeman
98.9
8
Betsy Massar's picture
Betsy Massar
98.9
9
dosk17's picture
dosk17
98.9
10
bolo up's picture
bolo up
98.8
success
From 10 rejections to 1 dream investment banking internship

“... I believe it was the single biggest reason why I ended up with an offer...”