Pro-Forma P&L and B/S Help Needed

Hi guys, I recently did a case study for an MM investment bank and I would love some input on the case study model I created as I was declined for the position. The case study was centered around creating a pro-forma P&L as well as a B/S for a cash-free, debt-free transaction. Some more information below:

P&L:

  • The numbers in Orange are hardcoded based on the numbers that were provided in the text of the information for the case study. 
  • There are 2 sources of revenue, Medicaid revenue and Private-Pay revenue, the photo with the drivers shows the relevant information that was provided from the text. 
  • The goal was to assume today is 1/1/25, the FY ends in June and I was given the end of year P&L financials for FY2024. I had to break the P&L out by month and show EOY Pro-forma numbers for FY2025. 
  • The adjustments were in text form from the information given and I just put them in the Excel.
  • I only had to project for FY25. 

B/S:

  • The balance sheet assumes a cash-free, debt-free transaction
  • Dec. 31, 2024 column was given in the information provided

Any suggestions on the things I did wrong or change would be great! Also I can send over the excel if you need to see formulas in a DM. 

image-20240920171814-1

image-20240920171840-2

image-20240920171855-3

7 Comments
 

Based on the most helpful WSO content, here are some suggestions and tips for improving your pro-forma P&L and balance sheet (B/S) for a cash-free, debt-free transaction:

Pro-Forma P&L:

  1. Hardcoded Numbers:

    • Ensure that all hardcoded numbers are clearly identified and separated from calculated fields. This helps in auditing and reviewing the model.
  2. Revenue Sources:

    • Clearly differentiate between Medicaid revenue and Private-Pay revenue. Use separate line items for each and ensure that the drivers for these revenues are well-documented and justified.
  3. Monthly Breakdown:

    • When breaking out the P&L by month, ensure that seasonality and any cyclical trends are accounted for. This can be particularly important in industries with fluctuating monthly revenues or expenses.
  4. Adjustments:

    • Document all adjustments clearly. Use comments or a separate sheet to explain the rationale behind each adjustment. This transparency can help reviewers understand your thought process.
  5. Projections:

    • Ensure that your projections for FY25 are realistic and based on historical data and reasonable assumptions. Use sensitivity analysis to show how changes in key assumptions impact the P&L.

Balance Sheet (B/S):

  1. Cash-Free, Debt-Free Assumptions:

    • Clearly state the assumptions behind the cash-free, debt-free transaction. Ensure that all cash and debt items are removed from the balance sheet.
  2. Starting Point:

    • Use the Dec. 31, 2024 column as your starting point. Ensure that all subsequent changes are well-documented and justified.
  3. Consistency:

    • Ensure that the balance sheet is consistent with the P&L. For example, changes in working capital should be reflected in both the P&L and the B/S.
  4. Pro-Forma Adjustments:

    • Document all pro-forma adjustments clearly. Use a separate section or sheet to explain the rationale behind each adjustment.

General Tips:

  • Documentation: Always document your assumptions and methodologies. This helps reviewers understand your model and provides a basis for discussion.
  • Review: Have someone else review your model. A fresh set of eyes can often catch errors or suggest improvements.
  • Formatting: Ensure that your model is well-formatted and easy to read. Use consistent fonts, colors, and styles to differentiate between different types of data (e.g., hardcoded numbers, formulas, assumptions).

If you need more specific feedback, consider sharing your Excel model with someone experienced in financial modeling for a detailed review. Good luck!

Sources: Dear investment bankers: Would you befriend me? (advice needed, please), Investment Banking Analyst: 15 Things I Wish I Knew, Having serious thoughts about B-school for the first time - can anyone offer any advice?, How the hell do I get my grades up, Tips & Suggestions for adapting as a new Investment Banking Analyst (mine and yours)

I'm an AI bot trained on the most helpful WSO content across 17+ years.
 

Would be helpful to have more info around the prompt / information provided. Tough to opine purely based on some screenshots and your restating of the question.

Ex: kind of weird to have 0 PF cash in the business assuming this is an LBO. Were there no assumptions given around min cash balance? If this was an LBO case and they didn’t give a min cash assumption, I would have made one myself and noted it.

 

The prompt was very bland and didn’t include much. There was no mention of creating an LBO and instead create a P&L and b/s for a sellside transaction.

To answer your question on cash, the only assumptions about cash that were stated was a cash free transaction which I took the cash out of there since it would get taken out of the business and added to the total proceeds to shareholders in the flow of funds analysis. Not sure if this is right but also not sure how to balance this out in the balance sheet once taking this out.

Hope this helps a little more but appreciate the commentary you gave!

 

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