For love of the game

I've been wanting to make this post for some time. In part due to ego, in part to help others, and in part out of the title of this post -- for love of the game.

I started my career on the street in a research/quantitative role and migrated into a trading role after the first few years. I have been trading since.

I had a mathematics background coming out of a non-target school and always had a passion for markets. Learning a coding language seemed like a mandatory skillset to develop in order to analyze markets, so I picked up some languages to achieve that goal, only to find that I thoroughly enjoyed the concepts behind software engineering as well.

I often see posts (on WSO or elsewhere) about young talent contemplating their path forward. Questions range from expected compensation, to work life balance, to mental health, etc, but for all the advice other anonymous individuals can provide this aspiring talent, they will each inevitably have to determine one question independently: whether they truly enjoy what they do, or think they will enjoy what they aspire to do.

It can be challenging to know beforehand. I was faced with many of the same dilemmas -- big tech versus the street, banking versus trading or research -- but I ultimately made the decision early on in my career based on what I felt I was most passionate about.

Passion is the ultimate differentiator. Younger generations today are afflicted by a short-termism that pervades every aspect of their lives (I may be included in this, I am in my mid 30s), be it social media or stories of vast success at a young age. This assault on their attention robs them of perspective that I feel generations before the millennium thoroughly understood, and it was the notion of developing a career.

On your path to build a career, passion is the trait that will enable you to work slightly harder than the next person. This edge will compound overtime until the gap between you and your counterpart is impossible to ignore.

It will keep you up at night thinking about how to improve your positions or whether your risk is properly captured. It will provide you with the energy to push through winter days when you do not see sunlight, because you want to see the extent to which you can excel at what you do. Not for compensation, not for title, but strictly to see what you are capable of accomplishing (without sacrificing your health, of course).

Compensation, title, and progression should be a consequence of your output. In mature industries that usually takes time. You may also get unlucky earlier in your career and land on some teams or in some firms that do not recognize your output and work ethic.

If you find yourself in this unfortunate situation do not hesitate to go out and get what you are worth. The variance of job placement will eventually wash out, and one day you will end up where you were supposed to be all along, but only if you are capable of lasting in this marathon you are about to embark upon.

There will be tough times in your 20s when you have to pull 20+ hour nights. There will be times when feel your head has been lit on fire due to the pressure, and you are uncertain about what course of action to take. But as long as you maintain your perspective on where you intend to go, and what you want to accomplish, you should take the tribulations of your path in stride, because each one of them will become a part of your story when you reach your destination.

As for myself, the markets this year are unprecedented. But with each challenge presents opportunity, and as a result a chance to rise to the occasion. It's a year that's reminded me why I love the street, pressure, intensity, scrutiny, all of it, and hopefully this post resonates with those of you who read it.

In the oft chance it does, I hope you all pursue what you truly enjoy, and find something that is easy for you to do.

Not for any of the bs, but strictly for love of the game.

Feel free to post any questions and I'm happy to do my best to answer them.

 

Thanks.

I trade macro vol. Quantitative inputs are consequently important but there is still an element of art and interpretation to trading a vol surface. Vol is an extension of the underlying, a second order expression of it, and it can take a bit or rewiring to think of vol as an asset in itself. Indeed, trading vol is trading the expectations about how much the market suspects an asset ought to move. This is seemingly trivial, but once you grasp this, you have taken your first step in developing a framework for trading vol.

Python will likely prove the most useful to you. VBA is certainly important, but a very strong understanding of Python gives you a capacity to perform analysis your peers probably won't be capable of if you develop a strong foundation. Optimization, object oriented design, etc, all of these will serve you well. Your superiors will find it useful if you are able to compress and bundle information up at the analyst level. Information compression, at no loss of its utility, is a highly valuable skillset for an analyst because it enables your superiors to quickly make informed decisions, which, in a fast market, is valuable.

I could write an essay on this. I believe the trading business will perform well over the next decade, macro assets in particular (but I am of course biased). Covid was the catalyst for political and socioeconomic disarray, and with the Fed pushing for normalization, the market will have to reconfigure its valuation frameworks under this new paradigm. The last decade was characterized by short vol, high carry strategies, and most market participants in the buy side space that survived the return environment still abide by this framework. These strategies are going to struggle in a normalized environment, creating opportunity for market makers and hedge funds alike. Additionally, the dispersion in policy across different regimes opens up the possibility of foreign securities outperforming US over some periods.

 

Glad you like what you do, but as a rule, "I'm in it for the love of the game" is a sarcastic running joke in IB.  I've met 1 guy at the junior level who loved the job - I don't know my senior bankers well enough to know if they like what they do (or in most cases figure out exactly what it is that they do).  You don't have to like what you do.  You should find something that you can tolerate, which you are good at, and pays you well.  In banking especially, career can be a short portion of your life.  There's no reason you can't be retired by the time you're 35 if you are somewhat frugal.  

Nothing wrong with doing it for the money, particularly given that 99% of people aren't good enough at the thing they love to be paid for it...myself included

 

I don't disagree with this sentiment at all. I certainly did not mean to imply you must love what you do. That statement was not meant to be unconditional; apologies if I came across as preachy, I didn't mean for that.

I also believe that you can accumulate enough wealth at 35 y/o to retire.

But I similarly believe it is true that, for any two people in a given field, the individual more passionate about their work will have a significantly greater chance at succeeding than someone who is simply getting by (all else equal). 

Earlier in my career my colleagues looked forward to the weekend to escape work. I looked forward to the weekend so that I could work on projects that were difficult to focus on during the trading day. I worked most Saturdays to better prepare myself for Monday, and I looked forward to the periods of quiet where I could think deeply about a problem rather than thinking tactically.

This is just my experience; it is unique to me. But I cannot understate the impact of that compounding on the trajectory of my career.

I spent ~40 Saturdays over ~6 years, or 240 extra days of uninterrupted, deep thought. So approximately one year of working days, with the benefit of no interruptions to focus on things.

In trading, this compounding in skillset is probably more important than in other careers due to the right tail that exists. The median compensation is strong in itself, but I was always interested in the skew, in the right tail.

I am in a position now where I stand to make some multiple of my career compensation up to this point in time if I continue performing. This is something that can be missed by those strictly focused on compensation in isolation; sometimes, life is about the tails, and you should concentrate your bets accordingly.

 

fucked around my first two years and have a shit GPA. Found out about IB and S&T and feel like I completely fucked my life over as Im going in to my Junior year with no offers. Managed to network and get an interview but with my shit GPA didnt even make it after first rounds even though I felt I had a strong interview. any advice would be great and thanks for your post!

 

Friendly advice: get it out of your head that your GPA is a roadblock (though it may be, this sentiment is more about your internal dialogue). The moment you stop questioning what is in your way is when you can start moving forward. It sounds cliche, but we (humans) often rationalize why we are capable or incapable of doing something. The moment you stop questioning that, and instead start determining it empirically, is when you truly find out what is possible. The movie 'Being There' encapsulates this sentiment perfectly, and it's a film I treasure due to its spirit.

Sorry for the digression. Onto the actionable advice.

Man, you're still in college. College! You're so young. There are an infinite number of ways to get where you want to go, be it IB/S&T or elsewhere. Once you figure that out, push for it. Obsess over it (but never at the cost of balance). If you really want something, you won't have to conjure motivation to do it. It should feel like breathing -- you should thirst for it if you've been deprived of it.

Once you have that, network your ass off. Make true connections with people. Don't ask for referrals on the first email. Setup calls, coffee, etc. and offer your take on markets (whatever) or offer to contribute to what they have going on. Once that relationship develops, then pop the question, and you may even be surprised that they come to you with opportunities.

Interviewing should then become a conversation. Employers need you as much as you need them. It should feel like a conversation where you are communicating your knowledge to them about this thing you desperately want to do professionally. It should feel easy, it should ooze out of you.

Interviewing, if you put the work in, is the easy part. You just need people capable of walking you through the right doors.

 

Great post, thanks.

I was wondering how you managed to dedicate a whole day every weekend to additional study/thinking? How, and to what extent, did you combine this with other weekend activities, eg. sports, friends, weekend getaway trips?

 

Trips: Would slip out on some Saturday mornings when I decided I needed to unplug to get the time away. Allocated vacation helps too. Your firm gives you vacation -- use it. If your desk's culture isn't supportive of that, it's a red flag in my opinion. Everyone needs time.

Exercise: I always exercised a minimum of 2-4 days a week. It was all a function of prioritizing it. Looking back, it was undoubtedly a grind, but I think part of me took pride in juggling it all. If I hadn't taken care of my body I feel I would've lacked the stamina to push myself intellectually. Whenever I found a free 45mins-1.5h, I hit the gym, and Sunday mornings was a religious time for me to workout and walk around the city.

Friends: I made time for them on weeknights or Sundays for drinks/coffee. Went out on either a Thurs or Fri night, never too late, because stamina was of utmost importance.  I think its extremely important you surround yourself with people who will support you on your pursuits. I lost friends who were friendly strictly for the sake of convenience. My real friends were those who understood what I aspired for, and were grateful for the time I was able to get with them, as I was grateful for their time.

Relationships: In the same way you want friends who support you, same goes for your partner. If you bring someone into your life who will detract from what you're trying to accomplish, you must avoid dating them long term. Shiny objects are a distraction sometimes. Conversely, choosing a someone who is a value add, and enables you to continue your pursuits, but somehow enhance your vigor, is something you should not take lightly.

 

 

I don't have the context of an IB to trading switch personally but there is always a demand for talent. If you put the time in and communicate your interest or skill set, I'm pretty confident you won't have a hard time landing a role.

Try networking internally or even externally. Networking, and having advocates, will serve you better than most perfectly clean resumes because resumes won't push the envelope for you, only people do. If you have advocates in the space or people you admire, reach out, but be sure you have something to contribute to the conversation first. There is nothing more impressive than someone reaching out to have a conversation, not expecting much, and finding yourself to truly enjoy the discussion. That speaks volumes.

Follow markets when you can and start thinking about trades you would put on. Journal, etc. And start trying to make your dreams a reality. Every no you get brings you closer to a yes, just make sure you learn from the process.

There are probably other threads on IB to trading in this forum, I'd check those out, but hopefully this proves helpful.

 

Thank you for your time, I had a few questions:

  1. As a new trader, how much does the first product you trade define your career? How much control can you have over choosing it?
  2. What do you think you have sacrificed the most for your career in trading?
  3. If you were blackballed from trading, which industry would you pivot to next?
  4. What is your advice for a new grad starting in 2 months? All my mentors have just told me to enjoy my last bit of chill time, but I'm going to a quant trading role at a somewhat cutthroat MM and I've been having a hard time relaxing.

Really appreciate it, no need to answer any/all of them.

 

(1) You may not have a lot of control selecting your first product, but if your firm recognizes your talent, you also won't have a difficult time moving to a different desk that interests you more. That desk will bid you -- word of talent travels quickly.

In regard to your first product siloing you, this may be dependent upon the person, but I feel that it is largely irrelevant your first 2-3 years. After that, the product can begin to silo you as the wisdom (defined as knowledge gained through experience) you obtain is hard to replace (due to the lost time). Having said that, if you are intellectually curious and have a strong analytical skillset, there is no reason you will be unable to pivot. The initial criterium for trading any product successfully is understanding the product in and out, as much as you can. On the sell-side, technical products are often the most coveted because there is a talent threshold needed to thoroughly understand them; i.e. the barrier to entry is higher. xccy and irs (options) desks are great in this regard, because the underlying products are technical, but in the case of xccy and irs, take significant effort to learn to hedge. Hedging is also not a complete science in the case of non linear products due to their sheer complexity. This is why, when interviewing, it is often important for candidates to have a view on the market. It is fundamental to have a semblance of a view on every market that touches your product to inform hedging decisions. Consequently, if your product touches a wide array of markets, your views on those markets are sound, you are intellectually curious, and have a strong technical skillset, you won't have a tough time changing products. It is only when your skillset is specific to the product where you may hit trouble. Quant trading is portable in that regard as you are developing a meta-skillset, the product knowledge is important, but you are abstracting it's behavior by focusing on signal processing -- the product is abstracted away.

(2) I would say it has cost me some relationships, but I also think it was a good filter. The people I have in my life now are those who accepted my intensity, and its a pleasure when someone fully accepts you. I also lost out on the ability to travel when younger, which may be the lone regret I have, but at any point I can take a hiatus to travel for 3mo-1y if I'd like. This was something I fantasized about when younger though, and it's tough to do when you only get 1w-2w off per year. I just came to accept that 2w would be my upper bound earlier on, and part of me is sad when I consider that compromise.

(3) While I understand the spirit of this question, being blackballed would be an impossibility. Ethics is everything in this business, as are relationships, and I've made as much effort in maintaining high standards there as I've made in more technical aspects of my work. It is often best to err on the side of caution if there is ever a semblance of ambiguity with ethical decisions. If your judgement or moral compass ever falls into question, your long run EV becomes 0, and you are out of the game. Never compromise here.

Having said that, probably crypto. It's a technical space with significant talent flowing into it, but it lacks credible leadership (in my view). If you can publicly show sound judgement and contribute to advancing the space in an ethical manner, I feel there is a high ceiling. The variance in making that jump is also higher than more well defined routes (IB/S&T/etc.) so it's a tradeoff.

(4) I agree with your mentors -- take your time. It will be the last 2 months you have to be completely intellectually curious with no expectations. You can be fully selfish with your time in that regard. Once you begin working that will change, so try to decompress and enjoy the unstructured time while you have it, because soon be bound to your alarm clock and working schedule.

Also, being a new hire, I'd expect your firm to give you 3-6 months to scale into the role. Bring the intensity when you initially start, like a sprinter. First impressions are extremely important. Put the work in upfront, ensure everything you deliver is excellent, and that will be the lens your superiors continue to view you under the rest of your time there, even if you do take your foot off the gas. 

 

Great post. I'm of the same mentality and it's not an easy path, especially as I'm trying to go from quant to trader right now. 

  1. How do you avoid burnout? If I'm constantly thinking about the same thing, my brain starts to turn to mush
  2. What about managing stress? Constantly thinking about drawdowns can be counterproductive to pnl
  3. How much time do you spend on pure tech/SWE stuff? I run my desk's quant infra and wearing that dev hat can take away from analysis time.
  4. Any advice on changing asset classes?
  5. How do you minimize regret? ie: seeing your friends enjoy life/get married while you're working for something that won't materialize for years (or ever)
  6. If it turned out that you weren't good at trading, would you have regretted your efforts?
  7. As you approach 40 and thinking about family/kids, etc, how do you think your passion/behaviors will change
  8. How important is having a mentor vs forging your own path? I've never had a good mentor and basically built my entire path from scratch. Watching others have a guided approach makes me jealous
 

(1) Among socializing, exercising, and unplugging on Saturday nights and Sundays when I was laser focused, I read, and still read a lot. This might seem counterintuitive, but reading increases your mental stamina, increases your base of knowledge, and lowers the stakes. It enables you to learn for the sake of learning, rather than in a pursuit of something. When the journey is the destination, you've defeated burnout before it even manifests.

(2) Stress is a consequence of obsessing over the uncertain in my opinion. I always maintained an optimistic mindset -- irrespective of a bad outcome (a poor year, losing my seat, etc.) I would figure it out because I knew my own value and my talent. You can eliminate a lot of stress by deeply understanding what you purport to accomplish with each position you put on. That doesn't mean to obsess over it, but to understand why it is you are doing what you are doing. With that, the stress should be alleviated significantly because you should rest easy knowing you made the best decision given the available information, and you will handle developments with the best of your ability as they arise. This is the same in trading as it is in life.

(3) Early on this was the majority of my workflow. As my career progressed and as I built a book with more franchise value, I've been reaping the fruits of my prior self's labor. We have others on the desk and at the firm capable of handling the desk's architecture (which I contributed to extensively), so now I work on projects when the market is quiet or when a weekend demands it. Largely, these projects aren't tech/swe related, but analytics related. The most recent pure tech/SWE related endeavor I had was streaming the generation of some data on an AWS server, and this skill set is definitely among my valuable skills as I did this independently.

(4) I answered this question above

(5) Limit comparisons with others and be thoughtful. We are all unique individuals. Some of us more talented than others at certain things, and some of our talents garner more public attention than others. Good musicians and athletes are wooed by the public -- good engineers and traders operate in relative anonymity. I prefer the latter to be clear, but I am comfortable with the fact I failed to play a sport professionally -- that is not the path my life lead me on, and I played my hand to the best of my ability. If you find comfort in this fact, and you should, it is difficult to hold regrets, especially if you are being thoughtful about each decision you made along the way.

(6) No, and I had plenty of opportunities to pass up on it. But it was something I had aspired for in my teens, and I decided that I would try it out early in my career because, if I failed, I had the rest of my life ahead of me. I knew I could find comfort knowing that I tried. Any of us who have an opportunity to make our dreams a reality should take that chance (in my opinion). Be realistic about your chances of course, but once that opportunity presents itself, it is up to you to put in the effort needed to manifest that reality.

(7) I have thought about this and my Saturdays will be protected at all costs. I won't compromise being a father to my children. I was not fortunate to have that luxury growing up, and I can think of few greater privileges than raising someone into the person they will become.

(8) I had the luxury of having a mentor for the better part of my career. He was 30+ years my senior. Mentors can help reassure you on certain decisions, but they cannot walk the path for you. Similarly, having a mentor/advocate within your firm is important political capital that should not be taken lightly. While I don't think a mentor is mandatory, it is certainly helpful, and they will prove helpful allies when the time calls for it.

 
Identity

(1) Among socializing, exercising, and unplugging on Saturday nights and Sundays when I was laser focused, I read, and still read a lot. This might seem counterintuitive, but reading increases your mental stamina, increases your base of knowledge, and lowers the stakes. It enables you to learn for the sake of learning, rather than in a pursuit of something. When the journey is the destination, you've defeated burnout before it even manifests.

(2) Stress is a consequence of obsessing over the uncertain in my opinion. I always maintained an optimistic mindset -- irrespective of a bad outcome (a poor year, losing my seat, etc.) I would figure it out because I knew my own value and my talent. You can eliminate a lot of stress by deeply understanding what you purport to accomplish with each position you put on. That doesn't mean to obsess over it, but to understand why it is you are doing what you are doing. With that, the stress should be alleviated significantly because you should rest easy knowing you made the best decision given the available information, and you will handle developments with the best of your ability as they arise. This is the same in trading as it is in life.

(3) Early on this was the majority of my workflow. As my career progressed and as I built a book with more franchise value, I've been reaping the fruits of my prior self's labor. We have others on the desk and at the firm capable of handling the desk's architecture (which I contributed to extensively), so now I work on projects when the market is quiet or when a weekend demands it. Largely, these projects aren't tech/swe related, but analytics related. The most recent pure tech/SWE related endeavor I had was streaming the generation of some data on an AWS server, and this skill set is definitely among my valuable skills as I did this independently.

(4) I answered this question above

(5) Limit comparisons with others and be thoughtful. We are all unique individuals. Some of us more talented than others at certain things, and some of our talents garner more public attention than others. Good musicians and athletes are wooed by the public -- good engineers and traders operate in relative anonymity. I prefer the latter to be clear, but I am comfortable with the fact I failed to play a sport professionally -- that is not the path my life lead me on, and I played my hand to the best of my ability. If you find comfort in this fact, and you should, it is difficult to hold regrets, especially if you are being thoughtful about each decision you made along the way.

(6) No, and I had plenty of opportunities to pass up on it. But it was something I had aspired for in my teens, and I decided that I would try it out early in my career because, if I failed, I had the rest of my life ahead of me. I knew I could find comfort knowing that I tried. Any of us who have an opportunity to make our dreams a reality should take that chance (in my opinion). Be realistic about your chances of course, but once that opportunity presents itself, it is up to you to put in the effort needed to manifest that reality.

(7) I have thought about this and my Saturdays will be protected at all costs. I won't compromise being a father to my children. I was not fortunate to have that luxury growing up, and I can think of few greater privileges than raising someone into the person they will become.

(8) I had the luxury of having a mentor for the better part of my career. He was 30+ years my senior. Mentors can help reassure you on certain decisions, but they cannot walk the path for you. Similarly, having a mentor/advocate within your firm is important political capital that should not be taken lightly. While I don't think a mentor is mandatory, it is certainly helpful, and they will prove helpful allies when the time calls for it.

What books did you really enjoy? Finance or non finance 

 

This post couldn’t come at a better time, im a rising sophomore from a non-target majoring in applied mathematics and your post fuels my inspiration. I have always had a passion for global-macro and possibly want to do some sort of quantitative role in FI or FX once I graduate. A question I have as a math major, any books or resources you found helpful for enhancing your knowledge in finance? Also, since it’s that time of year for many college students like myself, what best prepared you for your first role out of college (internships experience, research projects, co-ops, etc.) Without going into detail of course, any advice is greatly appreciated.

 
Most Helpful

I'm glad the post has resonated with you.

The benefit of studying mathematics is that it is an education in applied philosophy, in the most abstract sense. Good mathematicians are inherently good logicians, they've just specialized more. This provides you with an excellent framework for learning (math teaches you how to learn quickly, succinctly, and precisely) and will enable you to navigate new information because your disposition should be towards axioms, never generalizations.

The ultimate book for any serious risk taker is Dynamic Hedging by Nassim Taleb in the options space. This is the purest reduction of risk management I've ever come across from a practical and rigorous sense. Taleb perfectly communicates the quandaries of a trader, how to navigate the complexities of an option portfolio, not a position, but a portfolio. He does use positions to motivate examples, but everything about the book screams that it was written by none other than a trader. Trading is obsession to detail. The thought process of trading oozes between every line of the text. You may not feel this if you've never taken risk in serious capacity before, but one you have, there is no denying that it is the definitive resource for options trading, bar none.

For rates trading, pick up Interest Rate Swaps and Derivatives by Howard Corb. This is a perfect introduction to the rates derivative space. Not too complicated, but not too easy, and it forces you to really understand what's going on. If your interest is FI, try to bootstrap a yield curve on your own. If your interest is FX, or FX options, look at the SABR model and try to calibrate the parameters to market quotes. This will help you prepare for the interviews you will eventually take, and set you above your peers because you would have internalized important information before even starting. 

Anything that seems remotely interesting to you, you should think about. What is your view on the interplay between rates and equities today? Why is the dollar strengthening against other currencies? Does inflation matter more than growth right now? Why? You will be wrong early in your career, I am wrong plenty to this day, but this is all part of the growth of a trader. Additionally, being wrong need not be a death sentence, because you will eventually learn how to determine what the distribution of your payouts are if you survive in this business long enough.

 

Thank you so much for the elaborate response. By reading your post and your reply it’s easy to tell your passion is overflowing from the seams, something of which I have yet to see to this extent on WSO. It also could possibly be due to the relevance of this post in regards to my own development and excitement I gather from it, but nonetheless impressive. I’m glad you mentioned Taleb’s Dynamic Hedging as I’m currently in the middle of reading it and was actually the first book I bought. Again huge thanks, your passion has inspired another person.

 

I shared so many same experiences with op that I almost feel I wrote this article lol

Maybe only difference is that I double major in Math and Computer Science at college, so I had the choice to go to big tech at very beginning. I didn’t choose that path exactly due to that I have no passion for coding. But I like trading very much and frequently dreaming of my risks and trades at night (not sure if this is good though…)

I do have doubts in my choice though, while seeing that the TC for senior engineers can reach 500k+ and seems they usually work shorter hours.. but I know that I won’t be that happy working as an engineer.

 

I'm not trying to offend you but my god you're such a hardo.  At least you're a fantastic writer.  Your thoughts sound great until you realize that Gen Z (vast majority of the people entering IB/S&T/HF/PE/VC today) don't want to spend non-work time on work after maybe 2-3 years.  People want to travel, make new friends, etc and not read an investment memo at 3 PM on a Saturday afternoon.

 

I'm sorry you feel this way after reading it. I agree with you, this life isn't for everyone, but I tried to provide my two cents for those who really want to excel if they decide to walk this route. My thoughts on the route you mentioned probably deserve a different post, but the advice I provided attempts to optimize for career success while threading the needle to find balance.

Indeed, there are other things to life, but to each their own.

 

I respect you with how maturely and gracefully you've responded to the few who've disagreed. Please keep writing if you have the capacity for it - it could just be random snippets of whatever high level markets problem you've been grappling with.

 

I'm interning in fixed income snt at a bb next summer. What do you think are the pros and cons of building a long-term career in fixed income snt on the sell-side versus the buy-side? I feel like there are a lot of talented traders who just stay on the sell-side for most of their careers and the two paths are more similar than people think. 

That being said, at this point in time, I would like to move to the buy-side. How would a young sell-side trader market themselves to clients to move to the buy-side? What can they do deliberately to become a better candidate for hedge funds while trading at a bank? 

 

Identity, are you still active on WSO?  Hopefully you can still write some more great posts like this 

 

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  • 3rd+ Year Analyst (13) $181
  • Intern/Summer Associate (33) $170
  • 2nd Year Analyst (66) $168
  • 1st Year Analyst (202) $159
  • Intern/Summer Analyst (144) $101
notes
16 IB Interviews Notes

“... there’s no excuse to not take advantage of the resources out there available to you. Best value for your $ are the...”

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